The convention on the rights of the child submitted to committee on the rights of the child

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IV. CHALLENGES AND CONSTRAINTS

Political instability and the protracted armed conflict for more than a decade have weakened public institutions and service delivery systems. The conflict has adversely affected economic growth, which declined from an average of five per cent per year before the conflict to about 4.7 per cent, in 2008-2009^⁵³.

The GoN has developed policies and programs to address the issue of children affected by armed conflict. However, there is an urgent need to establish services for the rehabilitation of children who are victims of violence, facilitate their access to services, and reduce the levels of re-victimization.

Despite a range of policies, and legal and institutional measures that have been taken, children’s and their families' ability to enjoy child rights is constrained by a number of factors, which also relate to governance and structural and functional capabilities of the state organs.

The apparent under-reporting of cases of child abuse and neglect (attributed to social taboo; fear of undermining the social status of the family; and other structural factors) remains a challenge.

The major economic and social issues such as poverty, inaccessibility and environmental degradation remain major threats to the enjoyment of rights of the child. Nepal has devised a multipronged policy and strategy to alleviate poverty.

The GoN considers the local bodies as the first point of contact with the people. The local bodies, which are the vehicle of devolution, decentralization and good governance at the local level, have remained out of political leadership for long. This has adversely affected the delivery of basic services to the people effectively and efficiently. Though the GoN has made alternative arrangements for delivering services to the people through a team of dedicated officials, it still feels that there can be no substitute to elected bodies.

The GoN believes that the recently introduced CFLG Framework and guidelines would narrow the gaps in implementing programs and establishing child protection system in collaboration with development partners for the enjoyment of rights of the child at local level.

Summary of Demographic Indicators

Source: Compiled from Census, 2001; NLFS, 2008; Nepal Child Labour Report 2010

Summary of Macroeconomic Indicators

Description	Fiscal Year
Description	2004/05	2008/09
Percapita GDP (NRs)	23300	35865
Percapita GNI (NRs)	21626	36290
Percapita GNDI (NRs)	27227	43316
Percapita GDP at constant price	19754	21416
Percapita GNI at constant price	19809	21924
Percapita GNDI at constant price	23083	26718
Annual change in nominal percapita GDP (per cent)	7.41	18.87
Annual change in real percapita GDP(per cent)	1.47	1.46
Percapita GDP (USD)	328	467
Percapita GNI in (USD)	329	472
Gross domestic saving as percentage of GDP	11.6	9.71
Gross national saving as percentage of GDP	28.41	36.07
Exports of goods and services as percentage of GDP	14.58	12.38
Imports of goods and services as percentage of GDP	29.48	34.55
Resource gap as percentage of GDP (+/-)	1.96	4.18
Gross fixed capital formation as percentage of GDP	19.94	21.29
per cent of population below international poverty line of US$1.25 per day, 1994-2008*	-	55
per cent of central government expenditure (1998-2008) allocated to health*	-	7
per cent of central government expenditure (1998-2008) allocated to education*	-	18
per cent of central government expenditure (1998-2008) allocated to defence*	-	9
ODA inflow in millions US$, 2008*	-	716
ODA inflow as a per cent of recipient GNI, 2008*	-	6

Source: Compiled from Economic Survey 2010, Central Bureau of Statistics; *http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/nepal_nepal_statistics.html

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