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COMBINED THIRD, FOURTH AND FIFTH PERIODIC REPORTS
OF
THE GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL
ON
THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD
SUBMITTED TO
COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD
UNDER ARTICLE 44 OF THE CONVENTION
NEPAL
CONTENTS
Paragraphs Pages
ACRONYMS AND ABBRIVIATIONS 4
I. INTRODUCTION 8
II. METHODOLOGY AND CONSULTATION PROCESS 8
III. TREATY SPECIFIC REPORT 9
1.GENERAL MEASURES OF IMPLEMENTATION (ARTICLES 4, 42 AND 44, PARA. 6, OF THE CONVENTION) 9
(A)Remedies for violations 12
(B) Comprehensive National Strategy 13
(C) Publicizing the Convention (article 42) 16
(D) Publication of reports (article 44) 16
2. DEFINITION OF THE CHILD (ARTICLE 1 OF THE CONVENTION) 16
3. GENERAL PRINCIPLES (ARTICLES 2, 3, 6 AND 12) 17
(A)Non-discrimination (article 2) 17
(B) Best interests of the child (article 3) 19
(C) The right to life, survival and development (article 6) 20
(D) Respect for the views of the child (article 12) 24
4. CIVIL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS (ARTICLES. 7, 8, 13-17, 28, PARA. 2, 37 (a) AND 39) 25
(A) Birth registration, name and nationality (article. 7) 25
(B) Preservation of identity (article 8) 27
(C) Freedom of expression and the right to seek, receive and impart information (article 13) 27
(D) Freedom of thought, conscience and religion (article 14) 27
(E) Freedom of association and peaceful assembly (article 15) 27
(F) Protection of privacy and protection of image (article 16) 28
(G) Access to information from a diversity of sources and protection from material harmful to his or her well-being (article 17) 28
(H) The right not to be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, including corporal punishment (articles 37 (a) and 28, para. 2) 29
5. FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND ALTERNATIVE CARE (ARTICLES. 5, 9, 11, 18 (PARAS. 1 AND 2), 19-21, 25, 27 (PARA. 4) and 39) 30
(A) Family environment and parental guidance in a manner consistent with the evolving capacities of the child (article 5) 30
(B) Parents’ common responsibilities, assistance to parents and provision of childcare services (article 18) 30
(C) Separation from parents (article 9) 30
(D) Family reunification (article 10) 30
(E) Recovery of maintenance for the child (article 27, para. 4) 31
(F) Children deprived of a family environment (article 20) 31
(G) Periodic review of placement (article 25) 31
(H) Adoption, national and inter-country (article 21) 32
(I) Illicit transfer and non-return (article 11) 32
(J) Abuse and neglect (article 19), including physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration (article 39) 33
6. DISABILITY, BASIC HEALTH AND WELFARE (ARTICLES. 6, 18 (PARA. 3), 23, 24, 26, 27 (PARAS. 1-3) AND 33) 34
(A) Children with disabilities (article 23) 34
(B) Health and health services, in particular primary health care (article 24) 35
(C) Social security and childcare services and facilities (articles 26 and 18) 40
(D) Standard of living (article 27, paras. 1-3) 41
7. EDUCATION, LEISURE AND CULTURAL ACTIVITIES (ARTICLES. 28, 29, 30 AND 31) 42
(A) Education including vocational training and guidance (article 28) 42
(B) Aims of education (article 29) 46
(C) Cultural rights of children belonging to indigenous and minority groups (article 30) 47
(D) Education on human rights and civic education 47
(E) Rest, play, leisure, recreation and cultural and artistic activities (article 31) 48
8. SPECIAL PROTECTION MEASURES (ARTICLES 22, 30, 32-36, 37 (b)-(d), 38, 39 AND 40) 48
(A) Refugee protection (article 22) 48
(B) Children in armed conflicts, including physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration (articles 38 and 39) 49
(C) Children in situations of exploitation, physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration 50
(D) Children in street situations 54
(E) Children in conflict with the law, victims and witnesses 55
(F) Children belonging to a minority or an indigenous group (article 30) 56
IV. CHALLENGES AND CONSTRAINTS 56
ANNEXES 57
Annex-I 57
Annex -II 59
Annex-III 60
Annex-IV 61
Annex-V 62
Annex-VI 63
Annex-VII 64
Annex-VIII 65
ACRONYMS AND ABBRIVIATIONS
AIDS - Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome
ANC - Antenatal Care
ARI - Acute Respiratory Infection
ART - Antiretroviral Therapy
BCC - Behavioural Change Communication
CA - Constituent Assembly
CAAFAG - Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups
CABA - Children Affected by AIDS
CB-IMCI - Community Based Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
CB-NCP - Community Based New-born Care Package
CBOs - Community Based Organizations
CBS - Central Bureau of Statistics
CCT - Conditional Cash Transfer
CCWB - Central Child Welfare Board
CDC - Curriculum Development Centre
CDD - Control of Diarrhoeal Diseases
CEOC - Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric Care
CFLG - Child Friendly Local Governance
CLTS - Community Led Total Sanitation
CMR - Crude Mortality Rate
CPA - Comprehensive Peace Agreement
CRC - Convention on the Rights of the Child
CRO - Child Rights Officer
CRPD - Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
CTEVT - Centre for Technical Education and Vocational Training
CWIN - Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre
DACC - District AIDS Coordination Committee
DCPC - District Child Protection Committee
DCWB - District Child Welfare Board
DDC - District Development Committee
DoE - Department of Education
DPT - Diphtheria Polio and Tetanus
DWC - Department of Women and Children
ECD - Early Childhood Development
EFA - Education for All
FCHV - Female Community Health Volunteer
FM - Frequency Modulation
FNJ - Federation of Nepalese Journalists
GBV - Gender Based Violence
GDP - Gross Domestic Product
GNDI - Gross National Disposable Income
GNI - Gross National Income
GoN - Government of Nepal
HIV - Human Immuno-deficiency Virus
HP - Health Post
ICCPR - International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
ILO - International Labour Organization
IMR - Infant Mortality Rate
IOM - International Organization for Migration
ISP - Internet Service Provider
JJCC - Juvenile Justice Coordination Committee
MCH - Mother and Child Health
MCHW - Mother and Child Health Worker
MDG - Millennium Development Goal
MoE - Ministry of Education
MoFA - Ministry of Foreign Affairs
MoHA - Ministry of Home Affairs
MoHP - Ministry of Health and Population
MoFALD - Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development
MoLJCAPA - Ministry of Law Justice Constituent Assembly and Parliamentary Affairs
MoLE - Ministry of Labour and Employment
MoPR - Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction
MoWCSW - Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare
NACC - National AIDS Coordination Committee
NAOSC - National Alliance of Organizations for Street Children
NBA - Nepal Bar Association
NCASC - National Centre for AIDS and STD Control
NDHS - National Demographic Health Survey
NER - Net Enrolment Rate
NFDIN - National Foundation for Development of Indigenous Nationalities
NFDN - National Federation of Disabled Nepal
NFHP - National Family Health Program
NGO - Non-Governmental Organization
NHRC - National Human Rights Commission
NIC - National Information Commission
NIP - National Immunization Program
NJA - National Judicial Academy
NLFS - National Labour Force Survey
NPA - National Plan of Action
NPC - National Planning Commission
NWC - National Women Commission
NWP - National Water Plan
ODA - Official Development Assistance
ODF - Open Defecation Free
ORC - Outreach Clinics
PAF - Poverty Alleviation Fund
PEP - Post Exposure Prophylaxis
PHC - Primary Health Care
PHCC - Primary Health Care Centre
PHRC - Peace Human Rights and Civic education
PLC - Para Legal Committee
PMTCT - Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission
PPC - Pre-Primary Class
PRSP - Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
RCU - Refugee Coordination Unit
RMDC - Rural Micro-finance Development Corporation
SAARC - South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SAIEVAC - South Asian Initiative to End Violence Against Children
SDIP - Safe Delivery Incentive Program
SLC - School-Leaving Certificate
SLTS - School Led Total Sanitation
SMC - School Management Committee
SRH - Sexual and Reproductive Health
SSRP - School Sector Reform Program
STI - Sexually Transmitted Infection
SWC - Social Welfare Council
TA - Technical Assistance
TYIP - Three-Year Interim Plan
TYP - Three-Year Plan
U5MR - Under- Five-Mortality Rate
UCCAN - Universal Access for Children Affected by AIDS in Nepal
UNDP - United Nations Development Program
UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund
UNHCR - United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF - United Nations Children's Fund
UNMIN - United Nations Mission in Nepal
USA - United States of America
USD - United States Dollar
VCPC - Village Child Protection Committee
VCT - Voluntary Counselling and Testing
VDC - Village Development Committee
VHW - Village Health Worker
WCO - Women and Children Office
WFP - World Food Program
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