Skeletal System Mr. Gerlach’s 7th Grade Health Education The Skeletal System in Action !!

5 Functions of the Skeletal System

• 3. Protection: The bones of your skull protect your brain. Your ribs protect your lungs and heart from injury.
• 4. Makes Blood: Red and white blood cells are formed by tissue called marrow, which is in the center of the bone.

5 Functions of the Skeletal System

• 5. Storage: Bones store minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus, for use by the body

Two Major Skeletal System Parts

• Axial Skeleton: The axial skeleton includes the skull, spine, ribs and sternum.
• Appendicular Skeleton: The appendicular skeleton includes the appendages of the body, which are the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs.

Skeletal System Bones

• Four basic bone shapes
• 1. Long- arms, legs and fingers
• 2. Short- wrist and ankles
• 3. Flat- skull and sternum
• 4. Irregular- spine

Bone Structure

• Typical Four Layers:
• Periosteum: Covers Bones
• Compact Bone: Lies beneath the periosteum
• Spongy Bone: Lies beneath the compact bone
• Bone Marrow: Fills the gaps between the spongy bone

Bones of the Cranium

• Some are thicker
• than others!!!

Cranium Bones

• Frontal Bone

• Occipital Bone

• Temporal Bone

• Parietal Bone

• Parietal Bone

Maxilla and Mandible

• Maxilla

• Mandible

• ?

Clavicle or Collarbone

• The clavicle, or collar bone, holds the shoulder joint away from the rest of the upper body and is only as thick as your little finger.

Scapula

• The scapula is located on the back side of the ribcage and helps provide part of the shoulder joint and movement for the arms.

Vertebral Column or Spinal Cord

• 1) The cervical region (neck bones)
• 2) The thorasic region (what the ribs attach to)
• 3) The lumbar region (the lower part of the back)

Coccyx and Sacrum

Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)

Radius and Ulna

• Radius on Top
• Ulna on Bottom

Carpals or (Wrist Bones)

Metacarpals (Top of Hands)

Phalanges (Little Fingers)

Rib Cage

Sternum (Breastbone)

Pelvis (Dancing Bone)

Femur (Largest Bone in the Body)

The Tibia and Fibula

Tarsals

Metatarsals

Phalanges

Calcaneous

Skeletal System Review

• My Videos\wholebodyskeleton.mov

Joints of the Body

• Ball and Socket Joint: Round end of bone fitting snuggly within another bone.
• Ex. Shoulder and Hip

Joints of the Body

• Hinge Joint: Movement at joint in one direction like a door.
• Ex. Knee and Elbow

Joints of the Body

• Pivot Joint: Bone resting atop another bone permitting free movement.
• Ex. Neck, Wrist and Ankles

Joints of the Body

• Fixed Immovable: Joint does not move
• Ex. Skull
• Gliding Joint: Bones slipping over other bones with a free flowing movement.
• Ex. Knuckles

The Connectors of the Body

• Ligaments: Connect bone to bone

The Connectors of the Body!!

• Tendon: Attaches muscles to bones

The Connectors of the Body

• Cartilage: It acts as a cushion between bones at a joint and protects the bones.

Problems of the Skeletal System

• Fracture: Break

• Dislocation: Out of joint

Problems of the Skeletal System

• Sprain: Swelling in the joint

• Arthritis: Inflamed and stiff joints

Problems of the Skeletal System!!

• Scoliosis: Curvature of the spine

• Osteoporosis: Brittle bones

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