No
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Marking scheme
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Marks
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(a)
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Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration
OR
Process
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Respiration equation
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S
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Glucose +oxygen Carbon dioxide +Water +2898 kJ energy
|
R
|
Glucose Carbon dioxide +ethanol+210 energy
|
Name the process R and S
R:Anerobic respiration
S:Aerobic respiration
|
1
1
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2
|
(b)
|
Table 1 shows the respiration equation shown by muscle cells and yeast cells during cellular respiration
Cell type
|
Respiration equation
|
(Smooth) Muscle cells
|
Glucose +oxygen Carbon dioxide +Water +2898 kJ energy
|
Yeast cells
|
Glucose Carbon dioxide +ethanol+210 energy
|
(a) Fill in the table by writing in muscle cells or yeast cells that matches with its respiration equation
|
1
1
|
2
|
(c)
|
State where tissue V(smooth muscle cell) can be found in the body
Blood vessel/alimentary canal/oeosophagus/stomach/uterus/urinary bladder/etc
|
1
|
1
|
(d)
|
Write the equation of process S and R
Process R
Glucose lactic acids + energy
Process S
Glucose +Oxygen Carbon dioxide + water +2898 kJ
Reactant- 1m
Product -1m
|
2
2
1
1
|
4
|
(e)
|
Explain process P and Process Q / Explain the cellular respiration process that occurs in individual P and Q
Process P
F1 - aerobic respiration.
P1 - glucose is completely oxidized/breakdown in the presence ofoxygen
P2 - releases more energy/2898 kJ of energy ( per mole of glucose)
E3-Produce carbon dioxide and water
Process Q
F2 - Anaerobic respiration
P3 - glucose is not completely oxidized// the glucose molecules breakdown partially (into lactic acid)
P4 - releases less energy/150 kJ of energy 9 per mole glucose)
E6-Produce lactic acid
|
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
|
6
|
(f)
|
Anaerobic respiration in cells
Explain the condition of a person after completing a 100 meter race in 12 seconds 2
F-the person is panting /higher breathing rate
E1-As he is in oxygen debt//anaerobic respiration
E2-Much lactic acids is produced (in his muscle cells)
E3-Causes muscle cramp Any 2
|
1
1
1
1
|
4
|
(g)
|
When a person is resting, the heartbeat rate is 61 to 71 beats per minutes .During vigorous activity, the heartbeat rate increase to 120 beats per minute
Explain this statement
F1 - (During the vigorous activity) the muscle cells are in state of oxygen deficiency/oxygen debt //the blood cannot supply oxygen fast enough to meet the demand for oxygen ATP
P1-( The increase in heated beat rate ) is to deliver more glucose to muscle cells
P2-To induce extra energy cellular respiration
P3-To remove more carbon dioxide from the muscle cells Any 2
|
1
1
1
1
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4
|
(h)
|
After completing vigorous exercise, an athlete will gasp heavily
Based on the above statement the condition faced by the athlete
Oxygen debt (reject: anaerobic respiration is a process, not a condition)
Explain why
E1-Because of oxygen deficiency//lack of oxygen
E2-To get more oxygen immediately
E3-To oxidize lactic acids Any 2E
|
1
1
1
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2
|
(a)
|
Explain how the oxygen intake by the athlete returns to the normal level at the 25th
minute
P1-Lactic acid has been removed from the muscle
P2-The lactic acids has been converted to energy/convert to glucose
|
1
1
|
2
|
(b)
|
Explain the condition of a person after completing a 100 meter race in 12 seconds
F-the person is panting /higher breathing rate
E1-As he is in oxygen debt//anaerobic respiration
E2-Much lactic axids is produced ( in his muscle cells)
E3-Causes muscle cramp Any 2
|
1
1
1
1
|
2
|
(c)
|
Explain the usage of cell W in bread making industry
F1-Carbon dioxide released
E1-Traps in the dough
E2-Causes the dough to rise
|
1
1
1
|
2
|
(d)
|
Explain what happen to the yeast cells if there is too much ethanol produced
P1-( too much ethanol0 causes unsuitable medium /condition //toxic/poisonous medium /condition
P2-For yeast cells to reproduced //yeast cell die
|
1
1
|
2
|
(e)
|
State the differences between the process that mention I 6(a) (i)
Diagram shows respiratory organs in an insect and human (Prefer)
Aerobic respiration
|
Anaerobic respiration
|
D1-Oxidation of glucose in present of oxygen/ Oxygen is required
|
D1-Oxidation of glucose in absent of oxygen / Oxygen is not required
|
D2-Oxidation of glucose is complete/ Complete breakdown of glucose
|
D2-Oxidation of glucose is not complete/ Incomplete breakdown of glucose
|
D3-Produced higher/large energy/38 ATP/2898 kJ of energy 9 per mole of glucose)
|
D4-Produced lower energy /2 ATP/150 kJ of energy ( per mole of glucose)
|
D4-Produced carbon dioxide and water
|
D4-Produced lactic acid
|
D5-Occurs in mitochondria
|
D5-Occur in cytoplasm
|
|
1
1
1
1
1
|
4
|
(f)
|
Diagram shows the rate of oxygen intake before, during and after a vigorous Exercise of an athlete.
(i) Based on the graph, compare the respiration before and during the vigorous
Exercise. 4
|
Before (A)
|
During (B)
|
Explanation (E)
|
1
|
Aerobic respiration
|
Anaerobic respiration
|
Before-Oxygen Intake is low/the same as oxygen required /enough oxygen is supplied to the cell
During-Oxygen required is more than oxygen intake
|
2
|
The muscle are in normal condition
|
The muscle are in the atate of oxygen debt
|
Before-Oxygen is sufficient
During-Oxygen is insufficient/oxygen supplied is less than oxygen supplied
|
3
|
Energy produced is more /38 ATP
|
Energy produced is less /2 ATP
|
Before-complete breakdown of glucose (produce more energy )
During-incomplete breakdown of glucose (produce less energy)
|
4
|
No/less accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle
|
High accumulation of lactic acids in the muscles
|
Before-complete incomplete break down of glucose produce carbon dioxide and water
Dduring -Incomplete breakdown of glucose produce lactic acid
|
A+B=1m E=1m (Any 1 E)
|
3
3
3
3
|
4
|
(g)
|
Explain what happens to cell w when there is no oxygen
F1-Cell W undergoes anaerobic respiration
E1-Glucose break down (partially/incompletely)
E2-To produce ethanol, carbon dioxide
E3-Less ATP/2 ATP is produce
F1 and any of E1/E2/E3
|
1
1
1
1
|
2
|
(h)
|
the above process takes place in tissue P in the presence of oxygen .Name and explain the process
F-Process is called aerobic respiration
P1-Glucose diffuses into cells P from the blood capillary
P2-Cells P contain a lot of mitochondria
P3-Mitochondria ( contain enzymes) for cell respiration //mitochondria carry out cell respiration
P4-Oxidation of glucose (take placed in mitochondria)
P5-In a series of reaction catalyzed by respiratory enzymes in mitochondria
P6-1 molecule of glucose will produce 38 molecule ATP/ More ATP
P7-water and carbon dioxide are released as waste material in this process
|
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
|
8
|
(i)
|
Explain the importance of increased pulse rate during vigorous activity and why it takes several minutes for the pulse rate to return to normal after activity 6
|
