Assimilation: a plan under which Native Americans would give up their beliefs and way of life and become part of the white culture
Assimilation: a plan under which Native Americans would give up their beliefs and way of life and become part of the white culture
Dawes Act 1887: aimed to “Americanize” the Native Americans
Destruction of the Buffalo
Most significant down flaw to Tribal Life
Tourists and Fur Traders shot Buffalo for sport
1800 65 million Buffalo…1890 fewer than 1,000 remained
In a desperate attempt to save their way of life the Sioux turned to a new ritual called the “Ghost Dance”
In a desperate attempt to save their way of life the Sioux turned to a new ritual called the “Ghost Dance”
Dec. 1890 The 7th Cavalry (Custer’s old regiment) slaughtered 300 unarmed Native Americans…the soldiers left the bodies on the frozen ground…this became know the Battle of Wounded Knee…Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota
Vaqueros and Cowboys
Vaqueros and Cowboys
Mexicans taught American cowboys how to rope and ride
They greatly influenced cowboys’ language, clothes, food, and daily life
Growing demand for Beef in the Cities gave a bigger need for more cattle drives and thus for more cowboys
Chisholm Trial: the major cattle route from San Antonio to Kansas
Expert rider/roper…gun was used to protect herd more than chasing outlaws
Roundup cattle from open range every spring
Legends of the West
James “Wild Bill” Hickok: served as a scout during Civil War and later a marshal in Abilene, Kansas
Shot holding a pair of aces and a pair of eights (dead man’s hand)
Calamity Jane: expert sharpshooter…may have been a scout for Custer
Overgrazing of the land, extended bad weather, and the invention of barbed wire responsible for ending the Open Range era
Section
Native American Cultures in Crisis
1
This chapter says that the destruction of the buffalo was “perhaps the most significant blow to tribal life.” Explain why you agree or disagree with this statement.
RECOGNIZING EFFECTS
Assessment
1
how Native Americans used the buffalo
how Native Americans viewed ownership of land
THINK ABOUT
HOME
SECTION
Section
Native American Cultures in Crisis
1
Assessment
1
Why do you think the assimilation policy of the Dawes Act failed?
EVALUATING
HOME
SECTION
the experience of Native Americans such as Zitkala-Sa
the attitudes of many white leaders toward Native Americans
Worked along side husbands planting and harvesting crops
Educated their children before schools were established
Made by hand many of the products the family wore, ate, and used
Doctored their families and the livestock they owned
Inventions such as barbed wire, the steel plow, and the reaper, helped farmers increase production and led to the development of bonanza farms: enormous single crop spreads of 15,000-50,000 acres
Inventions such as barbed wire, the steel plow, and the reaper, helped farmers increase production and led to the development of bonanza farms: enormous single crop spreads of 15,000-50,000 acres
Morrill Act: gave federal land to the states to help finance agricultural colleges
Hatch Act: Established agricultural experiment stations to inform farmers of new developments
Machinery was expensive
Machinery was expensive
Railroad fees
Bonanza farms did not work…large single-crop operations couldn’t compete with smaller farms, which could be more flexible in the crops they grew
Section
Settling on the Great Plains
2
Assessment
2
What were at least four events that shaped the settling of the Great Plains?
SEQUENCING HISTORY
HOME
SECTION
1869 Completion of the first transcontinental railroad
1862 Homestead Act
1874 Development of barbed wire
1893 Turner’s essay on the frontier
1889 Oklahoma land rush
Section
Settling on the Great Plains
2
Review the changes in technology that influenced the life of settlers in the Great Plains in the late 1800s. Explain how you think settlement of the plains would have been different without these inventions.
GENERALIZING
Assessment
2
the tasks done by the settlers
tools and methods previously used
the inventions that became widely used in the late 1800s
THINK ABOUT
HOME
SECTION
Section
Settling on the Great Plains
2
Assessment
2
How successful were governmental efforts to promote settlement of the Great Plains?
pressures that made farming increasingly unprofitable.
To Understand
the rise and fall of the Populist movement.
HOME
SECTION
Farmers and the Populist Movement
3
HOME
SECTION
Key Idea
Farmers band together to address their economic problems, giving rise to the Populist movement.
Crop prices falling
Crop prices falling
Good farm land becoming scarce
Banks foreclosing on mortgages
Railroad prices
Grange: organization for farmers whose original purpose was to provide a social outlet and an educational forum for isolated farm families
Grange: organization for farmers whose original purpose was to provide a social outlet and an educational forum for isolated farm families
Ended up spending energy fighting railroads
Oliver Hudson Kelley: founder
Farmers’ Alliances: sent lecturers from town to town to educate people about topics such as lower interest rates on loans and government control over railroads and banks
Populism: the movement of the people
Populism: the movement of the people
Populist, or People’s Party
Populist party platform
Increase money supply, graduated income tax, federal loan program, elect Senators, President could only serve a single term, 8 hour work day, restrictions on immigration
Panic of 1893
Caused by overexpansion of key industries, especially the railroads, and shrinking federal gold reserve
Bimetallism: money system where government gives citizens gold or silver in exchange for paper currency or checks
Bimetallism: money system where government gives citizens gold or silver in exchange for paper currency or checks
Gold Standard: backing dollars solely with gold
Chart on Page 428
Populist Party endorsed Democrat William Jennings Bryan for President in 1896
Defeated by Republican William McKinley
McKinley being elected brought an end to the Populist Movement
Section
Farmers and the Populist Movement
3
Assessment
3
What were some of the causes for the rise of the Populist Party and the effects the party had?
