Mt. Royal College
Table
of Contents ii
Table of Tables ix
Table of Figures x
Part 1 - Introduction 1
Chapter 1 – Introduction – Michael Howlett (SFU) and Keith Brownsey (Mt. Royal College) 2
Part II: The New Political Economy of Consumption Industries: Agriculture and Fish 3
Chapter II: “The Two Faces of Canadian Agriculture in a Post-Staples Economy” – Grace Skogstad (Toronto) 4
Introduction 4
I. Agriculture as a Dominant Staple: late 19th century – 1930 7
IV. State Retrenchment, Regionalisation, and Globalization in the 1980s and 1990s 11
Regional Market Integration and Dependence 13
Integration into the Multilateral Trading Regime 15
Redefining State Fiscal Obligations 16
V. The Political Organization of the Agri-Food Sector and State-Sector Relations 17
Chapter III: “The New Agriculture: Genetically-Engineered Food in Canada” – Elizabeth Moore (Agriculture Canada) 31
Chapter IV: "The Impact of International Trade Liberalization on the Canadian Fisheries Industry" - Gunhild Hoogensen, (Tromso) 32
Chapter V: "Caught in a Staples Vise: The Political Economy of Canadian Aquaculture” - Jeremy Rayner (Malaspina) and Michael Howlett (SFU) 33
Introduction: 33
(Overly) Optimistic Expansion in the 1980s and 1990s 33
Emerging Problems with Aquacultural Development 35
A Post-Staples Policy Process? 38
Aquaculture as a Problematic Post-Staples Industry 39
The Finfish Sector 42
The Shellfish Sector 44
The Existing Canadian Aquaculture Regulatory Framework 45
The Federal Situation 47
Provincial Developments 54
Conclusion 60
References 64
Part III: The New Political Economy of Transmission Industries: Oil and Gas, Electricity and Water 73
References 96
Chapter VI: “Between Old Provincial “Hydros” and Neoliberal Energy Regimes: Electricity Energy Policy Studies in Canada" - Alex Netherton, (SFU) 100
Chapter VII: "Canadian Oil and Gas In the Age of Bush" - Keith Brownsey , (Mount Royal College) 101
Chapter VIII: "Offshore Petroleum Politics: A Changing Frontier in a Global System" - Peter Clancy, (SFX) 102
Offshore Petroleum as a Distinct Political Economy 104
Spatial and Temporal Dimensions 106
Offshore Petro-Capital as a Political Factor 111
Technology as a Political Variable 117
Science, Knowledge Domains and Epistemes 120
Federalism and the Offshore Domain 123
State Strength and Capacities 125
Offshore Petroleum Regulation in the New Millennium 129
Conclusions 133
References 138
Part IV: The New Political Economy of Extractive Industries: Minerals and Forests 146
Chapter IX: Shifting Foundations: a Political History of Canadian Mineral Policy - Mary Louise McAllister (Waterloo) 147
Promising Prospects: Staples and the nascent mineral industry 149
Embedded Interests: Establishing the Staples Economy 152
Shifting Ground: Competing Interests 155
Competitive Pressures on the Resource Industry: 156
Access to Land Issues 158
Adverse Environmental and Social Impacts of Mining 159
Uncertain Territory: Complex Environments 166
Emerging Conceptual Perspectives 166
Rising to the Challenge? Responses to Change 167
Seismic Shifts or Minor Tremors in the Status Quo? 169
Conclusions: New Frontiers 173
Notes: 175
References 176
Chapter X: “Complexity, Governance and Canada's Diamond Mines” – Patricia J Fitzpatrick (Waterloo) 181
Complexity, Governance and Canada's Diamond Mines 181
The Northwest Territories Policy Community 183
Aboriginal organizations 184
Territorial Government 186
Non-Governmental Organizations 187
Proponents 188
Summary 189
Diamond Development in the North 190
West Kitikmeot Slave Society 191
Community Capacity and Public Participation in the BHP Review Process 192
The Implications of Superadded Agreement 194
BHP Independent Environmental Monitoring Agency 197
The Diavik Diamonds (DDMI) Project: Comprehensive Study 198
West Kitikmeot Slave Society Revisited 198
Community Capacity and Public Participation in DDMI EA 199
Superadded Agreements: New Players 201
Advisory Board 202
Cumulative Effects Assessment and Management Strategy 204
Other Diamond Developments in the North 204
Cross Scale Institutional Linkages 205
Conclusion 208
References 209
Tables 210
Chapter XI - Knotty Tales: Exploring Canadian Forest Policy Narratives - Jocelyn Thorpe and L. Anders Sandberg (York) 213
Introduction 213
The Staples to Post-Staples Narrative 215
Questioning the Staples to Post-Staples Transition 220
The Softwood Lumber Dispute 220
Forests as Carbon Sinks 222
Parks Versus Staples? 223
Summary 225
Staples By and For More People 225
Summary 230
Beyond the Staples to Post-Staples Transition 230
Summary and Policy Implications 236
Conclusion 238
Chapter XII: “The Post-state Staples Economy: The Impact of Forest Certification as a NSMD (NSMD) Governance System” – Benjamin Cashore (Yale), Graeme Auld, James Lawson, and Deanna Newsom 253
Introduction 253
Emergence of Forest Certification and its Two Conceptions of Non-State Governance 255
Table 1: Different Conceptions 257
Conception One 257
Conception Two 257
Key Features of NSMD Environmental Governance 263
Emergence and Support for Forest Certification in Canada 266
British Columbia 269
Standards-setting process 273
U-turn 276
Canadian Maritimes 278
Development of the Standards 280
Conclusions: Non-state Governance 285
Part V: Conclusion 290
Chapter XIII - The Dynamic (Post) Staples State: Responding to Challenges—Old and new - Adam Wellstead (Alberta) 291
Introduction 291
Contemporary Staples Economies 294
Defining the Staples State 300
Minimalist State 300
Emergent State and New Industrialism: The Staples State’s Golden Era 302
KWS Legacy and Crisis: Wither the Staples State? 304
Type 306
Time period 306
Organizations 307
Coordination 307
Dominant staples 307
Governance 310
Anthropology of the state and neo-pluralism 312
Policy Communities and Networks: Drivers of Richardian (Staples) Competitive States 314
Conclusion 317
References 320
Chapter XIV – Towards a Post-Staple State? – Tom Hutton (UBC) 332
Contributors 333
Endnotes 334