Annex 1. Map of the World’s 64 LMEs and Linked Watersheds
Large Marine Ecosystems are areas of the oceans characterized by distinct bathymetry, hydrography, productivity, and trophic interactions. The annually produce 95 percent of the world’s fish catch. They are national and regional focal areas of a global effort to reduce the degradation of linked watersheds, coastal resources and environments from pollution, habitat loss, and over-fishing.
Table 1. Countries where Marine Resource Ministries (fisheries, environment, finance) are supportive of resource assessment and management from an ecosystems perspective, and LME project planning and/or implementation is underway.
LME
|
Participating countries
|
Status
|
Bay of Bengal
|
Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand
|
PDF Block B funding approved. UN Executing Agency is FAO1.
|
South China Sea
|
Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam
|
Project Implementation funding approved. UN Implementing Agency is UNEP2.
|
Yellow Sea
|
China, Korea
|
Project Implementation funding approved. UN Implementing Agency is UNDP3.
|
Guinea Current
|
Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Togo
|
Phase I completed. Project in Phase II. UN Executing Agency is UNIDO4.
|
Benguela Current
|
Angola, Namibia, South Africa
|
Project Implementation funding approved. UN Implementing Agency is UNDP.
|
Somali Current
|
Kenya, Tanzania
|
PDF Block B for W. Indian Ocean approved. Further funding pending. UN Implementing Agency is UNEP.
|
Agulhas Current
|
Madagascar, Mozambique, South Africa
|
PDF Block B for W. Indian Ocean approved. Further funding pending. UN Implementing Agency is UNEP.
|
Canary Current
|
Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau
Mauritania, Morocco, Senegal
|
PDF Block B funding approved. UN Implementing Agency is UNEP, IUCN5 is a partner institution.
|
Humboldt Current
|
Chile, Peru
|
In planning phase.
|
Caribbean Sea
|
Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela (IOCARIBE members)
|
In planning phase. Block A funding approved with UNESCO/IOC6.
|
Gulf of Mexico
|
Cuba, Mexico, United States
|
PDF Block B funding approved. UN executing agency is UNIDO.
|
Baltic Sea
|
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden
|
Project Implementation funding approved. Implementing Agency is the World Bank.
|
Pacific Central American Coastal
|
Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama
|
In planning phase.
|
1 United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome.
2 United Nations Environmental Programme, Nairobi.
3 United Nations Development Programme, New York.
4 United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna.
5 IUCN - The World Conservation Union, Gland.
6 United Nations Educational and Scientific Organization/Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Paris
Table 2. List of 33 LMEs and subsystems for which syntheses relating to primary, secondary, or tertiary driving forces controlling variability in biomass yields have been completed for inclusion in LME volumes.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Large Marine Ecosystem Volume No Authors
____________________________________________________________________________________________
U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf 1 M. Sissenwine
P. Falkowski
6 S. Murawski
U.S. Southeast Continental Shelf 4 J. Yoder
Gulf of Mexico 2 W. Richards and M. McGowan
4 B. Brown et al.
9 R. Shipp
California Current 1 A. MacCall
4 M. Mullin
5 D. Bottom
Eastern Bering Shelf 1 L. Incze and J. Schumacher
8 P. Livingston et al.
West Greenland Shelf 3 H. Hovgård and E. Buch
Norwegian Sea 3 B. Ellersten et al.
Barents Sea 2 H. Skjoldal and F. Rey
4 V. Borisov
North Sea 1 N. Daan
Baltic Sea 1 G. Kullenberg
Iberian Coastal 2 T. Wyatt and G. Perez-Gandaras
Mediterranean-Adriatic Sea 5 G. Bombace
Canary Current 5 C. Bas
Gulf of Guinea 5 D. Binet and E. Marchal
Benguela Current 2 R. Crawford et al.
Patagonian Shelf 5 A. Bakun
Caribbean Sea 3 W. Richards and J. Bohnsack
South China Sea-Gulf of Thailand 2 T. Piyakarnchana
East China Sea 8 Y-Q Chen and X-Q Shen
Sea of Japan 8 M. Terazaki
Yellow Sea 2 Q. Tang
Sea of Okhotsk 5 V. Kusnetsov et al.
Humboldt Current 5 J. Alheit and P. Bernal
Pacific Central American 8 A. Bakun et al.
Indonesia Seas-Banda Sea 3 J. Zijlstra and M. Baars
Bay of Bengal 5 S. Dwivedi
7 A. Hazizi et al.
Antarctic Marine 1 & 5 R. Scully et al.
Weddell Sea 3 G. Hempel
Kuroshio Current 2 M. Terazaki
Oyashio Current 2 T. Minoda
Great Barrier Reef 2 R. Bradbury and C. Mundy
5 G. Kelleher
8 J. Brodie
Somali Current 7 E. Okemwa
South China Sea 5 D. Pauley and V. Christensen
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Vol.1 Variability and Management of Large Marine Ecosystems. Edited by K. Sherman and L. M. Alexander. AAAS Selected Symposium 99. Westview Press, Inc., Boulder, CO, 1986. 319 p.
Vol.2 Biomass Yields and Geography of Large Marine Ecosystems. Edited by K. Sherman and L.M. Alexander. AAAS Selected Symposium 111. Westview Press, Inc., Boulder, CO, 1989. 493 p.
Vol.3 Large Marine Ecosystems: Patterns, Processes, and Yields. Edited by K. Sherman, L.M. Alexander, and B.D. Gold. AAAS Symposium. AAAS, Washington, DC, 1990. 242 p.
Vol.4 Food Chains, Yields, Models, and Management of Large Marine Ecosystems. Edited by K. Sherman, L.M. Alexander, and B.D. Gold. AAAS Symposium. Westview Press, Inc., Boulder, CO, 1991. 320 p.
Vol.5 Large Marine Ecosystems: Stress, Mitigation, and Sustainability. Edited by K. Sherman, L.M. Alexander, and B.D. Gold. AAAS Press, Washington, DC, 1992. 376 p.
Vol.6 The Northeast Shelf Ecosystem: Assessment, Sustainability, and Management. Edited by K. Sherman,
N.A. Jaworski, and T. J. Smayda. Blackwell Science, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 1996. 564 p.
Vol.7 Large Marine Ecosystems of the Indian Ocean: Assessment, Sustainability, and Management. Edited by K.
Sherman, E.N. Okemwa, and M.J. Ntiba. Blackwell Science, Inc., Malden, MA, 1998. 394 p.
Vol.8 Large Marine Ecosystems of the Pacific Rim: Assessment, Sustainability, and Management. Edited by K.
Sherman and Q. Tang. Blackwell Science, Inc., Malden, MA. 1999, 455 p.
Vol.9 The Gulf of Mexico Large Marine Ecosystem: Assessment, Sustainability, and Management. Edited by H. Kumpf, K. Stiedinger, and K. Sherman. Blackwell Science, Inc., Malden, MA, 1999. 736 p.
TECHNICAL WORKSHOP FOR ESTABLISHING A REGULAR PROCESS FOR THE GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
(BREMEN / GERMANY: 18-20 MARCH 2002)
Share with your friends: |