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DESCRIPTION
BY

MONICA WOOD
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Proofread and formatted by BW-SciFi

Ebook version 1.0

Release Date: November, 13^th, 2004

For Dan Abbot—teacher, craftsman, friend.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Monica Wood is the author of a novel, Secret Language, which is cur­rently under option as a television motion picture. Her frequently anthologized short stories have appeared in such publications as Red-book, The North American Review, Yankee, Tampa Review and Manoa. Her stories have been read on public radio, nominated for the National Magazine Award, and given special mention in the Pushcart Prize. A native of western Maine, she now lives in Portland, Maine, where she freelances as a writing instructor and copy editor.
Description. Copyright 1995 by Monica Wood. Printed and bound in the United States of America. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review. Published by Writer's Digest Books, an imprint of F&W Publica­tions, Inc., 1507 Dana Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45207. 1-800-289-0963. First edition.
This hardcover edition of Description features a "self-jacket" that eliminates the need for a separate dust jacket. It provides sturdy protection for your book while it saves paper, trees and energy.
Other fine Writer's Digest Books are available from your local bookstore or direct from the publisher.
99 98 97 96 95 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Wood, Monica

Description / by Monica Wood.

p. cm.—(Elements of fiction writing)

Includes index.

ISBN 0-89879-681-4 (pbk. : alk. paper)

1. Fiction—Technique. 2. Narration (Rhetoric) 3. Description (Rhetoric)

I. Title. II. Series.

PN3383.N35W66 1995

808.3—dc20 95-19578

CIP
Edited by Jack Heffron

Designed by Angela Lennert

INTRODUCTION
Description is not so much an element of fiction as its very essence; it is the creation of mental images that allow readers to fully experi­ence a story. When you write a story, you offer an account of a chain of events, the characters that inhabit those events, and the places in which those events occur. How you describe those events, characters, and places affects your readers' perceptions.

Every technical decision you make during the writing of a new story—from the length of your sentences to your choice of point of view—becomes part of that story's description. The statement "John showed up with a gun" describes an event. "John arrived, pistol glint­ing in his hand" describes the same event with a little more pizazz. Your instinct for jazzing up a plain declarative sentence has repercus­sions, however, because the rewrite describes something beyond a simple action. For starters, the rewrite gives us a bit of atmosphere— "glinting" suggests light and gives the gun an aura of menace. Sec­ond, it tells us something about the observer, who uses the more accurate word "pistol," and is aware of the "glinting." Third, it sug­gests something about John's state of mind: a man with a glinting pistol must surely be aching to pull the trigger, whereas a man who simply shows up with a gun could have any number of intentions. The mental images in the rewrite are profoundly different from those in the original sentence. Even the smallest decisions about descrip­tion can affect a story in countless subtle ways.

When you write, you create a fictional world. You may describe that world in lyrical prose fashioned around a central metaphor; you may opt for a stark, straightforward telling that uses few adjectives; you may invent a first-person narrator who uses made-up words; you may render a story entirely in dialogue, evoking characters through the cadence of their voices. Good description takes many forms and does not depend solely on adjectives and adverbs for impact. A state­ment as simple as "the man wept" may be all the description you need for a particular scene. What makes one story more finished—more "real" and alive—than another is not a matter of adjectives per sentence; it is the accuracy and relevance of whatever description you do use.

Describing a character as "a beautiful girl who made heads turn" is not especially accurate: she could be Chinese or African, six feet tall or four-foot-nine. Focussing on her "coppery hair" or "deeply flecked eyes" creates a more accurate mental image. If the fact of her beauty rather than a literal picture is what you want to convey, how­ever, then a line of dialogue may make for the most accurate descrip­tion: " 'Isn't she pretty?' Al said." Or you might write, in a one-line paragraph:

She was a beautiful girl.
The sentence, like the character, stands alone. The placement of that sentence accurately evokes the image of a character in a class by herself.

In addition to being accurate, description must be relevant to the story at hand. You need not describe the "old, scarred, rickety maple table in the foyer" when a simple "table in the foyer" will do. A string of adjectives like this—words with similar meaning and impact—doesn't create much of a mental image and may even dis­tract the readers from your fictional world. This is irrelevant descrip­tion, description for its own sake. If the table is important, then de­scribe it in a way that shows its relevance to the story. The same table described as "a sentry burdened by weeks of unopened mail" becomes an object with a purpose in the household. The description also suggests something about the people in the household—why do they let their mail go for weeks unopened? Remember, you are not merely writing; you are writing a story! It is up to you to guide your readers through the story's events and make sure they don't get lost in a thicket of words and images along the way.

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