JUDICIAL NOTICE
Demurrer and, 308—309.
Pleading, not necessary, 139—140.
Scope, 139—140.
JURISDICTION
See Actions; Courts; Dilatory ?leas; Process.
JURY TRIAL
At bar, 538-540.
Burden of proof,
In general, 542—544.
Prima faeie case, 542.
Bebuttal, 542—543.
Challenges,
In capita, 541.
Propter affectum, 541.
Propter defectum, 541.
Propter dellctum, 541.
Propter bonoris respectum, 541.
To the array, 540—541.
To the polls, 540—541.
Charge,
InstructIons, 540.
Bequest to, 550.
Restrictions, 540—550. Demurrer to evidence,
In genera], 543, 546—548.
In several states, 547—548.
Directed verdIct, 543, 548—549.
Equity, discretion of chancellor, 20.
J~yidence~ method of production, 545—546.
Evolution, 84—85.
Jurors,
Examination, 541—542.
Impanelling, 540.
Selection, 540—542.
Summonlng~ 540.
Nisi prius, 538—540.
Nonsuit, 548, MS.
Order of proof, 543—544.
Right to, at common law, 20.
JURY TRIAL—Cont’d Right to open and close,
Objective, 544—545.
Opening statement, 545.
Traverse and, 436.
Variance between charge and proof, 552.
Venlre facias, writ, 530—540.
Verdict,
General. 550—551.
Rule nlsl, 552.
Special, 551—552.
Special case, 552.
Voir dire, 541—542.
Westminster II (1285), Statute of, 538—540.
Withdrawing a case, methods, 546-549.
Witnesses,
Cross examInation, 546.
Direct examination, 545—546.
Leading questions, 545—546.
Oath, 545.
JUSTIFICATION
See Authority; Confession and Avoidance.
LEGAL EFFECT
Pleading according to, 120—128.
Specific words, libel and slander, 199.
LIBEL AND SLANDER
See Defamation; Trespass on the Case.
LIMITATIONS. STATUTE’OF
Amendments, 560—561, 563.
Confession and avoidance, 490-491.
LIVINGSTON, EDWARD
Code of Practice of LouIsiana (1805), a
Proposed Penal Code (1824) for Louisiana, a
MALICIOUS PROSECUTION
Allegations in action, 194—195.
Declaration (Form), 195.
MATERIALITY
Traverse denies material allegatIons, 430—446.
MESNE PROFITS
Ejectment In early form, 243.
Recovery under statutes, 243.
Trespass for, essential allegatIons, 239—241.
MISJOINDER
See Demurrer; Dilatory Pleas.
MIXED ACTIONS
ClassIfication, 46—48.
Decline In England, 28, 53.
Definition and scope, 46—47.
Recovery of,
Damages, 48, 129.
Land, 48.
MONEY HAD AND RECEIVED
See Indebitatus Assumpsit.
MONEY LENT
Sec Indebitatus Assumpalt.
MOTIONS
Arrest of judgment, 571—5tT.
Bill of particulars, 872—375.
656 INDEX
References are to Pages
INDEX
References are to Pages
657
MGI ION S-.-Cont’d
Directed verdict, 548—549.
Judgment non obstante veredieto, 573—574,
Judgment notwithstanding verdict, 573—574,
New trial, 568—570.
Nonsuit, 548.
Bepleader, 578—580.
Retrospective, 585—583.
Under modern codes, 580—583.
To strike out, 395—396.
Yertire facias de nova, 570-571.
NAMES
Description of,
Corporations, 1Th.
Parties, 114—115.
Partners, 115.
Persons other than parties, 113—114.
NEGATIVE PREGNANT
Nature and effect, 444—447.
NEW ASSIGNMENT
Application, 529—530.
Form, 530.
Modem codes, rules, etc., 531.
Nature, 520—531.
Purpose, 529.
NEW TRIAL, MOTION FOR
Grounds (or motion, 569—570.
Modern codes, rules, etc., 580-581.
Nature, 568—570.
Vcnire judas de novo, compared, 570—571.
NEW YORK CODE OF PROCEDURE (I64~
Field, David Dudley, and, 24.
Forms of action under, 24—25, 170—171.
Fusion of law and equity under, 28.
Influence in other states, 25, 28.
NIL DEBET
General issue,
Debt on a simple contract, 500—503. Debt on a statute, 500—503.
NIL DICIT
Judgment of, 472—473.
NISI FRILlS
Trials, 538—540.
Venire facias, writ, 539.
Westminster II (1285), Statute of, 538—540.
NON ASSUMPSIT
General Issue,
Indebitatus assumpsit, 511—512. Special assumpslt, 508—511.
NON CEPIT
General issue In replevin, 497—499, 500.
NON DETINET
General issue,
Detinue, 496—497.
Replevin, under statutory merger, 497—499.
NON tSr rACTUM
General Issue,
Covenant, 505-SOT.
Debt on a specialty, 503, 504.
NON OBSTANTE VEREDICTO, MOTION
JUDGMENT
Modern codes, rules, etc., 582—583.
Repleader motion, dIstinguished, 578, 579.
Scope, 577—578.
NONSUIT, MOTION FOR
Purpose and effect, 543, 548.
NOT GUILTY
General Issue,
Ejectment, 494-405.
Trespass, 485—486, 488.
Trespass on the case, 488—489, 492—403.
Trover, 493—404.
N OIl CE
Objective of pleading, 14—15, 17.
NOTWITHSTANDING VERDICT, MOTION FOR
JUDGMENT
See Non Obstante Veredieto, Motion for Judgment.
NUL TIEL RECDRD
General issue, debt on a judgment, 504—505.
NUNQUAM INDEBITATUS
General issue, debt on a simple contract, under Rhlary Rules, 501, 502—503.
OPENING RECORD
See Demurrer.
ORAL PLEADING
Development, 80—81.
ORIGINAL WRIT
See also Forms of Action.
Basis of jurisdiction, 71, 72. Charge and, 38—39.
I Conformance of declaration to, 100—101.
Debt (Form), 37.
Nature, 36—37.
Plea In abatement to, 417—418.
Praecipe in cnpitc, (Form), 37.
Purposes, 37—38.
Relation to,
Cause or action, 39.
Form of action, 30.
Beplevin, 258—259.
Form, 260.
Selecting correct form, 39.
Source of law, 40—41.
Writ of error, 590—601.
OVER
Deed, inspection, 126, 368—370.
Demand, 368—370.
Form, 370.
Modern codes, rules, etc., 375.
Nature, 368—370.
Profert, relation to, 125—126, 369.
PAROL DEMURRER
Form, 429-430.
Plea In suspension for nonage, 429.
PEREMPTORY PLEAS
Boo Confession and Avoidance; General Issue; Pleas; Picas in Bar; Traverse.
577—579,
577—579.
FOR
INDEX
are to Pages
PROCESS
Abuse and misuse, 169.
Arrest, 73.
Notice, 72.
Original wilt, 72.
Praeeipe, 72.
Service,
Constructive, 75—78. Personal, 75.
Summons,
Commencement of action, 72, 73, Conformity with complaint, 100—101.
Constructive service, 76—78.
Notice by publication, 76.
Notice to non.residenta, 70.
Personal service, 75.
Service by publication after Substituted servIce, 75—76.
I Writ of attachment, 73—74.
PRODUCTION OF ISSUES Sec Issues of Fact; Issues of Law.
PRDFERT
Nature of, 125-128,
Oyer, relation to, 120, 368—369.
Production of deed, 123—126, 368—309.
PROH IBITION
See Writ of Prohibition.
PROTESTATION
Duplicity, 484.
Nature and function, 466—467.
PROVISIONS OF OXFORD (1256)
Chancellor’s power effected, 43-44.
Writs of course under, 42, 43—44.
PUIS DARREIN CONTINUANCE See Pleas.
QUANTITY, QUALITY, VALUE
Necessity for alleging, 111—113.
QUANTUM MERUIT
See Debt; lndcbitatus Assumpslt.
QUANTUM VALEBANT
See Debt; Indebitatus Assumpsit.
QUARE CLAUSUM FREGIT
See Trespass.
QUASI CONTRACTS
See Debt; Indebitatus Assumpait
QUID PRO QUO See Debt.
REAL ACTIONS
Aid prayer by tenant 370,373.
ClassIfication, 46-48.
Damages need not be alleged, 128-flD.
Decline in England, 28, 53.
Definition and scope, 47.
Ejeetment, 53-54.
Pondal origin of, 417.
Forcible entry and detainer, 49-50, 52, 56.
Freehold, 47.
Ownership, 50-51.
Possession, 46-ill.
selaurc, 77—78.
658
References
PERSONAL ACTIONS
See also Account; Covenant; Debt; Detlnue;
I6jectment; lndebitatun Assunipsit; Replevin;
Special Assumpsit; Trespass; Trespass on the
Case; Prover. Breach of contract, 56, 57, ClassificatiOn, 46—47, 56—57. Damage to, Personal property, 56, 57.
Real property, 56, 57.
Damages, allegation, 123-129.
Decline in England, 57—58.
Ex contractu, 56, 57.
Es dellcto, 56, 57.
Injury to, Person, 56, 57.
Relative rights, 56, 57.
Recovery of,
Damages, 50~ 57.
Debt, 56, 57.
Personal property, 56, 57.
Real property, 56, 57. Scire facias, 588.
PLEADINGS
Declaration, 82.
Demurrers, 384—386, 389—395.
Dilatory pleas, 410—411.
Fuactiol]s and objects of 13—17.
Names, manner and order of, 80.
Pleas in bar, 434—433.
Replication and subsequent pleadIngs, 380—381.
PLEAS
Sec also Confession arid Avoidance; Dilatory Pleas; General Issue; Picas in Bar; Traverse.
Admission by failure to deny, 465—466,
Amounting to general issue, 469—472.
Argumentative, 467—469.
Confession and avoidance, 460—465.
Dilatory,
Abatement, 410—429.
Jurisdiction and venue, 412—415.
Suspension of action, 429—430.
In bar, 434—436.
In estoppel, 465.
Issues of fact, raised by, 378,
Partial defenses, 472—473.
Fuis darrein continuance, Nature, 513—515.
Waiver of former pleas, 513—515.
Several defenses, 475—480.
PLEAS IN BAR
See also Confepslon and Avoidance; General issue; Pleas; Traverse.
Classification, 434—436.
Method of pleading, 434—435.
Nature, 434—435.
Several defendants, separate pleadIng, 480.
Several defenses, 475—480.
Treated as a unit, 473-474,
POSSESSORV ASSIZES
Sec Real Actions.
PRAECIPE
See Actions; Process.
INDEX
References are to Pages
659
REAL ACTI ONS—Cont’d
Possessors actions, 47—51.
Proprietary actions, 47—51.
Proprietary and possessory, compared, 48-~.
Right of entry, 40—59.
Seite facias, 587—588.
Seisin, 46, 47, 51.
Self-help, 49—50.
Trespass to try title, Nature, 54—55.
States adopting~ 54, 55.
View of land, 370, 375.
Voucher t0 warranty, 371, 375.
Writ of disseisin, 55.
Writ of partition, 50.
Writs of assize, Classified, 48.
Novel disseisin (Form), 52.
Writs of entry,
Classified, 48, 50.
Modified form, 55.
States adopting, 55. Writs of right,
Classified, 48.
Form, 51—52.
REAL PROPERTY LIMITATIONS ACT (1833)
Misod actions, effect upon, 28, 53.
Real actions, effect upon, 28, 53.
REBUTTER
DefinItion, 381.
RECITAL
Objection by special demurrer, 180—131.
Positive pleading requirement, 130—131.
RECOGN IZANCE
Action of debt on, 298.
RECORDS
Action of debt on, 297—298.
RECOUPMENT
Nature, 513—516.
Origin, 513—516.
REJOINDER
Definition, 380.
Departure, 527—528.
RELEASE
Conveyance, 127.
Pleading, 127, 462—403.
REPLEADER, MOTION FOR
Cireuinstnnces for awarding, 578—580.
Modern codes, rules, etc., 583.
Non obstante vcredicto, compared, 578, 579.
REPLEVIN
A v owry,
Pleading, 117, XIS, 500.
Special traverse, relation to, 409.
Cognizance,
Pleading, 125, 500.
Special traverse, relation to, 409.
Concurrent, other actions, distinguished, 251—258. Confession and avoIdance, 500.
REPLEVIN—Cont’d
Declaration, essent in) allegations, In general, 262.
Damages, 268—269.
Plaintiff’s right, title, eta, 262—263.
Wrengful act, taking and detention, 266—268.
Declaration (Form), 201—262.
Demand and refusal, 268.
Detinet and detinuit, 239—260.
Dctinue and, 254, 257—268.
General issue, 497—499, 500. Form, 497—498.
Sudgment, 269.
Modern codes, rules, etc., 270—272.
Original writ, 258—259. Form, 260.
Plaint (Form), 261.
Property, descriptIon, 262.
Property recoverable by, 256—257.
Provisional remedy, 254.
Scope and nature, 233—257.
Special traverse, 490.
Statutory merger, dei-inuc. general
Unlawful taking, distress, 254—255.
REPL JCATJ ON
Classification, 518—519. Do injuria,
Confession nail avoidance, relation, 521—522.
Effect, 520—521.
Form, 521-522.
Modern codes, rules. etc., 322—525.
Nature and SCOOP. Si 0—521.
When used, 510—520.
Defieition, 350.
Departure, 526—527.
Formal pans, 522.
New assignment (Form), ~30.
REPLICATION DE INJURIA
See fleplication.
REPUGNANCY
Sec lnconsirtency,
RES JUDICATA
Judgment on demurrer, effect, 406.
Pleadings as foundation for, 16-IT.
RULE NISl
Order to show cause, 552.
RULES OF COURT PROCEDURE
Advantages of, 26.
Code pleading, distinguished, 25—26.
RULES OF PLEADING
See also specific topics.
Bad in part, bad altogether, 473—474, Certainty it, pleading,
Certainty of place, 107.
Certainty of time, 108-111.
General requirement, 131—133.
Show authority, 124—225.
Show tItle, 115—116.
Specify names of persons, 112—114.
Specify quantity, quality, value, Ili—Irn Conform to precedent, 150.
Demurrer Or plead, 318.
Issue, 497 .190.
RULES OF PLEADING—Cont’d
Departure objeetio~mb)e, 525-526.
Dilatory pleas, when pleaded, 411—412.
Evidence and ultimate facts, 90—02.
Facts only alleged, 90—92.
General mode, when proper, 134.135.
Issue accepted, 389, 535.
Legal conclusions, 92—94.
Legal effect, pleading by, 92—94.
Materiality in pleading, Denial of esaentia]s, 441—446,
Traverse, 439—440.
Not to be,
Alternative, 146—147.
Ambiguous or doubtful, 146.
Argumentative, 407—409.
Double, 147—149.
Inconsistent or repugnant, 145—146. Omitted may be matters,
ImplIed, 141—142.
In anticipation, 140—141.
Judicially noticed, 139—140.
Presumed, 142. Operative or ultimate facts, 91—92. Particularity, extent required,
Generally, 135-436.
Acts regulated by statute, 138-130.
Facts known to adversary, 136.
Inducement or aggravation, 136-438.
Positive, not recital, 130—131.
Production of issue, 378—383.
Singlenuss or unity, 147—149.
Surplusage to be avoided, 142—144.
Traverae tenders issue, 532—533.
SCIRE FACIAS
Allegation of damages unnecessary, 128—129. Revival of Judgments,
Personal actions, 588.
Real actions, 587—588.
SEALED INSTRUMENT
See Covenant; Debt.
SEISIN
See Real Actions.
SET-OFF
Nature, 516—517.
Statutory origin, 516—517.
SIMILITER
See Issues of Fact.
SINGLENESS OF ISSUE
See also Duplicity.
Pleadings not to be double, 147—148, 475—ISO.
Qualifications of requirement, 148, 476—478, 480—481.
Requirement of, 475—480.
SPECIAL ASSUMPSIT
Concurrent, case for tortious conduct, 321.
Concurrent, other actions, distinguished, 321—322.
Condition subsequent, 331—332.
Confession and avoidance, 510.
Debt~ compared, 278—279, 288—288.
Declaration, essential allegations, In general, 323.
Breach, 332—333.
SPECIAL ASSUMPSIT—Cont’d
Consideration, 325—328.
Contract and promise, 323—325.
Damages, 383-’334.
Performance, conditions precedent, 328—33Z
Declaration (Form), 322—323.
Er delicto, and, 319.
Executed consideration, 327.
Executed contracts, 286—287.
Executory coasideratlon, 327-323.
Executory contracts, 288—289.
Explanatory inducement, 323—324.
General Issue, 508—511. Form, 508.
Hilary Rules, effect on defenses, 510—51L
Modern codes, rules, etc., 334—336.
Promise, 288—289.
Scope anti nature, 318-321.
SPECIAL TRAVERSE
See Traverse.
SPECIALTY
See Covenant; Debt.
SPECIFIC TRAVERSE
See Traverse.
SUMMONS
See Process.
SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE ACT (1873)
Forms of action, effect, 29.
Law and equity, effect, 58.
SURRERIJTTER
DefInition, 381.
SURREJOINDER
Definition, 380—381.
SUSPENSION, PLEAS IN
See Dilatory Pleas.
TENDER OF ISSUE
See also Issues of Fact; Issues of Law. Form of tender, 533.
Nature and purpose, 532—534.
TIME
Continuing acts, 110—111.
Not truly stated, 109—110.
Plea follows declaration, 110.
Traversable facts, 108.
Truly stated, 108—109.
TITLE
Adversary’s title alleged, 122, 123.
Allegation of general freehold title, lit
Allegation of title of possession, Not fully stated, 116—118.
Sufficient to show liability, 122—123. Alleging derivation of title,
By conveyance or alienation, 120.
By Inheritance, 120.
Fee simple, 118—110.
PartIcular estates, 119—120.
Estoppel of adverse party, 124.
Pieading conveyance, manner of, 120-.:122.
Proof, 123-124.
When fully stated, 117—118,
660
INDEX
References are to Pages
Specific,
Argumentative denIal, 447.
Classification, 435.
Express denIal, 446-447.
Function, 446—447.
General Issue, distinguIshed, 457.
Negative pregnant, 447.
Special, dIstinguished, 448—450.
Too large, allegatIons, 441-443.
Too narrow, allegations, 443—444.
Variance and, 436—437.
Various forms of, 435—436.
INDEX
References are to Pages TRAVERSE—Cont’d
661
TORTS
See also Detinuc; Ejectment; Iteplevin; Trespass; Trespass on the Case; Trover.
Classification of actions, 56-57.
Plea In abatement, parties,
MIsjoinder, 426—428.
Nonjolnder, 426—428.
Trespass and case as source, 174—175, Westminster II (1285), Statute,
Consimill casu, 44—45, 175.
Effect, 44—45, 175.
TRANSITORY ACTIONS
See also Actions; Venue.
Contrasted with local, 103—105.
TRAVERSE
See also General Issue; Picas; Pleas in Bar.
Aggravation, matter of, 439—440.
Common, see Specific Traverse.
Defense of denIal, 379.
Denial of essentials only, 441—444.
Estoppel and, 439.
Form of denial, 436—437.
General, classification, 435.
General issue,
Classification, 435.
Compendious negation, 457.
Essential facts, denial, 457.
Liability, denial, 457—458.
Nature and usc, 457—459.
Specific traverse, distInguished, 457.
General requisites, 436—439.
Immaterial allegations, 439—440.
Inducement, matter of, 439—440.
Insufficient In law matter, 439—440.
Irrelevant allegations, 439-440.
Issuable proposition, selection, 441.
Issues of fact, 436.
Law, matter of, 437.
Law and fact, matter of, 437—438.
Materiality, 439—440.
Matter not alleged, 438—439.
Modo et forma, 437, 439.
Necessarily implied matter, 439.
Negative and affirmative pregnants, 444 418.
Prematurely alleged matter, 439—440,
Replication de injuria,
Ciassificatlon, 485, 457.
Modo et forma, 437.
Nature and scope, 519—521. Several allegations, election, 441.
Special,
Abnormal form, 450.
Absque hoc clause, 447—457.
Classification, 435.
Conclusion with verIfication, 448-449, 453—454.
Form, 452.
FunctIon, 452-453.
In replevin, 499.
Inducement, 447—449, 455—457,
Modern use, 456—457.
Normal form, 449—450.
RequisItes, 447—448.
Specific, distinguished, 448-450.
Sufficiency rules, 454—456.
TRESPASS
Ab-initlo, 269—170.
Assault and battery (Form), 154—155.
Ballee, 158, 161—182.
Confession and avoIdance, 486—488.
Do bonis asportatis, 36. Form, 155.
Declaration, essential allegations,
In general. 156,
Damages, 170.
Defendant’s wrongful act, 164—170.
Plaintiff’s rIght, title, etc., 156—164.
Direct iniury, 152, 154. 165—168.
E.iectment and, 226—230.
Election, remedy, trespass on the case, 181—182.
Force, 164—165, 178—177.
Force Implied, 164—16,5, 177.
General issue, 435—486, 488. Form, 485.
flilary Rules, effect on defenses, 488.
History, 36, 44, 153.
Immediate iniury, 152, 154, 165—168.
Landlord. 159—162.
Liberum tenempntum plea, 487. Form, 487—488.
Modern codes, rules, etc., 170—172,
NeglIgence, 181—182.
Nonfeasance, 165, 177.
Personal injury, 156—157, 165—187.
Personal property, 157—158, 162—163.
Possession, 157—163,
Process, abusc, 169.
Property, descriptIon, 156, 163, 531.
Quare clausum fregit, 36, 157—164. Form, 155.
Quarc ejectione flrmae, 227—230.
Real property, 36, 157—164.
Scope and nature, 152—154.
Servant, 158.
Tenant, 159—162.
Tenant at will, 159—162.
Tort remedy, 44, 56—57, 152—1,53, 174.
Trespass on the case dIstinguished, 152—154, 165—168,
176-181.
Trover compared, 209—210.
VI et armis, 154.
Violence as element, 153, 154.
Writ of, 36, 153.
Wrongful prosecution, 168.
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