Note: You will find lots of scanning errors. But, the essence of the handbook is here

Certainty in pleading perforiaance, 133.

Concurrent, other actions, dIstinguished, 305—306.

Confession and avoidance, 507.

Contract and, 44.

Debt, distinguished, 279.

Declaration, essential allegations, In general, 306.

Breach, 307—308.

Damages, 308.

Execution of covenant, 306.

Performance, conditions precedent, 307.

Promise, 307.

Declaration (Form), 306.

Facts In knowledge of adversary, 136.

General issue, 505-507. Form, 505-500.

Hulary Rules, effect on defenses, 507.

Modern codes, rules, etc., 308—a®.

Scope and nature, 303—305.

Writ of, 36.

Account, 310.

Covenant, 308.

Debt, 275, 278—279, 282—286,

Defamation, 198—199.

Detlnue, 244—247, 251.

Ejectment, 238—239.

General and special, 89, 128-129.

Gist of action, when, 80.

Indebitatus assumpslt, 365.

Mesne profits, 241, 243.

Mixed actions, 129.

Personal actions, 129.

Recoupment, cross-demand for, 515—516.

Reduction by recoupment, 515—516.

Replevin, 268—209.

Set-off, defeat of recovery, 516—517.

Special assumpsit, 333—334.

Trespass, 170.

Trespass for mesne profits, 241.

Trespass on the case, 186—187,

Trover, 206—207, 223.

See Trespass.

See Replication.

650

INDEX

References are to Pages

289, 202—294, 296, 208.

Venue, 84—85,

DEBT

Breach, 284—285.

Causa DebendI, 275, 278, 286, 287, 294, 296.

Collateral promIse, 289—201.

Concurrent, other actions, distinguished, 278—279.

Cevenant, compared, 279.

Damages, 285, 286.

Declaration, essential allegations, In general, 282—285.

Detinet, chattels, 276—278.

Executory contracts, 288—289.

Indebitatus assumpsit, compared, 279,

Indebitatus count, 292, 359.

Modern codes, rules, etc., 290—302.

On a judgment,

Confession and avoidance, 505.

Declaration (Form), 281—282.

Essential allegations, 297—298.

General issue, 504—505. Form, 504.

Ililary Rules, no effect, 505.

Mode of declaring, 298—299.

On a simple contract,

Confession and avoidance, 502.

Declaration (Form), 279—280.

Essential allegations, 285—292.

General issue, 500—503. Form, 500—501.

Bhlary Rules (Form), 501.

Fiilary Rules, effect on defenses, 502403.
Mode of declaring, 291—292.

INDEX

References are to Pages

DEBT—Cont’d

On a specialty,

Confession and avoidance, 503—504.

Declaration (Form), 280.

Essential allegatIons, 292-295.

General issue, 503, 504. Form, 503.

Rilary Rules, effect on defenses, 504.

Mode of declaring, 294—295.

On a statute,

Confession and avoidance, 502.

Declaration (Form), 280—281.

Essential allegations, 295—297.

General issue, 500—503.

Hilary Rules, effect on defenses, 502—503.

Mode of declaring, 297.

Profert of bond, 126.

Promise, 278, 286.

Quantum merult count, 292, 859.

Quantum valebant count, 292, 359.

Quid pro quo, 11, 278, 279, 286, 287, 289, 291.

RecognIzance, 298.

Scope and nature, 274—278.

Sealed instrument,

Future obligation, 203—294.

Present obligation, 292—293.

Special assumpslt, compared, 278—279, 287—288.

Statute of frauds, 291.

Sum certain, 282—234, 239, 292, 295, 296, 299.

Title, as basis of action, 275—276.

Writ of, 36.

See also for essential allegations in each action:

Aecouat; Covenant; Debt: Detinue; Eject­ment; Indebhtatus Assumpsit; Replevin;

cial Assumpsit; Trespass; Trespass for Mesne Prof its; Trespass on the Case; Trover. For other matters, see specific topics.

Conformance to process, 100—101. Form, 83.

Formal parts of,

Body, 82—83, 85.

Commencement, 82—83, 85.

Conclusion, 52—83, 85—86.

Production of suit, 86.

Title of court and term, 82—84.

Venue, 82—83, 84-85.

General form of, 82—88,

Joinder of counts,

Different causes of action, 96—98.

Different versions of same action, 98—100.

Several, 94—06.

Statement of cause of action,

Consequent damages, 89.

Facts only alleged, 90—94.

Exceptions, 93—94.

Prima fade case, 152, 274.

Contract, 274.

Tort, 152.

Bight of plaintiff, 88—89.

Wrongful act of defendant, 89.

Contempt for failure to obey, 585—586.

Included in judgment, by modern codes, 588.

Judgment at law compared, 585-586.

Nature, 585—586.

DEEDS

Profert, 125—126.

See also Trespass on the Case.

Colloquium, 107—195.

Damages, 198—199.

Essential allegations, 197—199.

Gravamen, 107.

Inducement, 197.

Innuendo, 198.

Libel and slander, modern practice, 200.

Publication, 198.

Slander, declaration (Form), 196—107.

Strictness of pleading, 195—196.

Truth as defense, 491—492.

Words, verbatim statement, 199.

See also Confession and Avoidance; Demurrer; Dilatory Pleas; General Issue; Pleas; Pleas In Bar; Traverse.

Anticipated matter, not requIred, 140—141.

Confession and avoidance, 379—350.

Demurrer, 384—409.

Denial by traverse, 379.

Election to demur or plead, 378, 381—382.

Forced Issues under code, 382—383.

General issue, notice, 513.

General issue and specially pleaded, 434-435. 484—513.

Partial, 472—473.

Several, pleas in bar, 475—480.

Allegation in declaration In,

Detinue, 250—251.

Replevin, 268.

Trover, 221—222.

DEMAND OF OVER

See Oyer.

Admission, -

In general, 396—399.

Ill-pleaded facts, 397—398.

Well pleaded facts, 307—305.

I Defects available,

General, 389—305.

Special, 389—395.

Election to demur or plead, 378, 381—382. Expediency of, 381—382.

For,

Departure, 528—529.

DuplicIty, 148, 149, 394—395.

MIsjoinder, 140.

General (Form), 380.

General and special, hIstory, 301—395.

Issues of law, raised by, 378.

Jeinder in, 390, 53~ Form, 300—391.

Judgment on,

In general, 405—406.

Demurrer to plea in abatement, 405.

Demurrer to pleading in bar, 405.

Election to stand on, 405.

Res judicata, 400.

DEMURRER—Cont’d

Judicial notice and, 308—309.

Modern codes, rules, etc., 406—409.

Motions to strike out and, 305—396.

Nature and function, 384—387.

Opening record,

DIscontinuance, 400, 402—403.

Effect, 400—40Z.

Exceptions, 400, 402—404.

General issue, 400, 403—404.

Plaintiff’s demurrer, later stage, 400, 404.

Plea in abatement, 400, 402.

Proper ground for action, 404—405.

Other pleadings, distinguished, 388.

Plea treated as a unit, 473—474,

Pleading over wIthout, 553—554.

Scope, 388—389.

Speaking demurrer, 387.

Special (Form), 380—390.

Tendered issue accepted, 390, 535.

Statute of Anne (1705), 392—303.

Statute of Elizabeth (1585), 391—392.

Violation of rule of pleading, 305.

In general, 543, 546—548.

In several states, 547—548.
DENIAL

See General Issue; Pleas; Pleas in Ear; Traverse.

Classification,

In point of fact, 526—528.

In point of law, 520-525,

In rejoinder, 527—528.

In replication, 526—527.

Mode of objection, demurrer, 528—529.

Modern codes, rules, etc., 520.

Nature, 525—526.

Rule against, reason, 526.

Chattels described by,

Quality, 111—113.

Quantity, 111—113.

Value, 111—113.

Premises described. ejectinent, 237. Proof, as alleged, 14-4—145.

Property described, declaration in,

Detlauc, 249.

llcplevin, 262.

Trespass, 156, 163, 531.

Trover, 216—217.

Variance for non-proof, 144—145.

Chattel recovery, 244—247.

Concurrent, other actions, distInguished, 247—248.

Confession and avoidance, 497.

In general, 249.

Damages, 251.

Plaintiff’s right, title, etc., 240—250.

Wrongful detention of chattel, 250—251.

Declaration (Form), 248.

Demand and refusal, 250—251.

General Issue, 496—497. Form, 496.

On statutory merger, 499.

DETI NUE—Cont’d

Iiilary Rules, effect on defenses, 497.

Judgment (Form), 248—249.

Modern codes, rules, etc., 251—252.

Property, description, 240.

Scope and nature, 244—247.

Classification, 411.

Commencement and conclusion, 430—432.

Judgment on, 430.

Jurisdiction and venue, 411.

Modern codes, rules, etc., 432.

Nature, 410—411.

Order of pleadiag, 411—412.

Plea in abatement,

Another action pending, 416—417.

Letter writ for plaintiff, 428.

Certainty, 428—429.

Classification, 416—420.

Contract,

Defendant nonjoinder, misjoinder, 424—120. Plaintiff aoajoinder, misjoinder, 423—424.

Corporate existence, 422.

Count or declaration, 418.

Defendant nonjoinder (Form), 426.

Definition, 416.

Demurrer to, 400, 402.

Disability of defendant, 419.

]Jisability of plaintiff, 418—410.

Effect, 416.

Form, 410—420.

Function, 416.

Misnomer, 416, 421.

Modern law, 420—423.

Order of pleading, 411-412.

Original writ, 417—418.

Requisites, 428—429.

Tort,

Defendant nonjoinder, misjoInder, 427. Plaintiff nonjoinder, misjoinder, 426—427.

Plea in suspension, -Form, 429—430. Nature and scope, 420—430. l’arol demurrer, 420—430.

Plea to jurisdiction,

Abatement, distinguished, 415.

Classes, 413.

Courts of general jurisdiction, 414—415.

Courts of limited jurisdiction, 414—415.

Defined, 412—413.

Form, 415.

Locality, 413.

Person, 413.

Requisites, 413—414.

Subject matter, 413.
DIRECTED VERDICT, MOTION FOR

Jury trial, 548—549.

Neglect to enter judgment, 403.

Replying to partial pleas, 472—473.
DOWER

Classification, 48.

Development, 53, 55.

Writ, unde nihil habet, 53,

652 INDEX

References are to Pages

Defect in form, special demurrer, 14E—140, 304495. Duplicity in,

Declaration, 04—100.

General issue, 483—484,

Inducement. 148.

Pleas, 476—484,

Replication, 482—483.

Several counts, 96, 05, 100.

Several grounds of action, 96~ 147—148.

Ill-pleaded matter, 481—482.

Immaterial matter, 480—481.

Matters forming connected proposition, 482—484.

Protestation, 484.

Several pleas allowed, 476—480.

Singleness of issue, 475—470, 480—481.
EJgCTMENT

Common consent (Form), 237.

Common Consent Rule, 220—280.

Concurrent, other actions, distinguished, 236.

Confession and avoidance, 495-496.

Declaration, essential allegations, In general, 237.

Damages, 238—239.

Plaintiff’s right, title, etc., 238.

Wrongful ouster, 238,

Declaration (Form), 236—237.

Description of premises, 237.

Extension to freeholders, 227—230.

Fiction In, three stages, 227—230.

Fictitious proceeding, chart, 230.

General issue, 494—405. Form, 404—405.

History, 226—230, 241—243.

Judgment, 239.

Modern codes, rules, etc., 241—248.

Origin in trespass, 226—227.

Parties in, 235—236.

PremIses, descrIption, 237.

Quare ejectione flrmae, 227—230.

Real property, recovery of, 231-232.

Scope and nature, 225—236.

Status In England, 241—242.

Statutory substItutes, 54—55, 242—243.

Title to support, 232—223.

Trespass for mesne profits, 239—241, 243.

Trespass to try tItle, 54—55.
ELECTION

To demur or plead, 378, 381—382.

Affirmative pleadings, 21.

Answer, 21.

Bill, 21.

Charge, 21.

Common1aw pleading, compared, 19-21.

Decree,

Contempt, 585—586.

Influence of civil law, 20.

Interrogative, 21.

NarratIve, 21.

Nature of, 19—21.

Power of Chancellor, 19—21.

Replication, 21.

ESTOPPEL

Nature, 46~.

Precluding party’s action or defense, 465.

Previous Inconsistent acts, 465.

Special traverse, avoidance by, 452—453.

Title, cstoppel of adverse party, 124, 439.

Traverse and, 439.

EVIDENCE

See also Jury Trial,

Demurrer to, 543, 546-548.

Not pleaded, 90—92.

Order of proof, 543—544.

Scope,

See also Detinue; Ejectment; Replevln; Trespass; Trespass on the Case; Torts; Trover.

Classification of actions, 56—57.

EXCEPTIONS

See Appellate Review.

See Confession and Avoidance.

Capias ad satisfaciendum, writ, 592—Søt

Debtors and creditors, 594.

Definition and nature, 589—593.

Elegit, writ, 592.

Extendi faclas, writ, 592.

Fieri faeias, writ, 501.

Goods, 591.

Imprisonment for debt, 592—593.

Levari faeias, writ, 591.

Lien, 594.

Modern codes, rules, etc., 594—595.

Profits of land, 591.

Restitution of possession, 591.

Sclre fades, 587—588.

EXHIBITS -

Pleading not done by, 128.

Certiorari, 597—598.

ProhibItion, 596—597.

FACTS

Aggravation, manner of pleading, 136—137.

Allegation in declaration, 90—91.

Capable of proof, 149—150.

Certainty in pleading, 131—133,

Defined, 89.

Evidentiary, 90.

In knowledge of adversary, 136.

Inducement, 136—137.

Judicially noticed, 139.

OperatIve, 90—94.

Statements,

Affirmative pregnant, 444—446.

Negative pregnant, 444—446.

Ultimate, 89—94.
FEOERAL RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE

FlexIbility, 24.

FormulatIon, 28—24.

INDEX

References are to Pages

653

654

Cured by statute, 558.

In debt on a simple contract—Corit’d

Hilary Rules, effect, 502—503.

Scope, 500—502, 502—503.

Under I-Jilary Rules (Form), 501. In debt on a specialty,

Form, 503. -

1-lilary Rules, effect, 504.

Scope, 503, 504. In debt on a statute,

Hilary Rules, effect, 502—503. Scope, 500—503.

In detinue,

Form, 496.

Hulary Rules, effect, 497.

Scope, 496—497.

In ejeetment,

Form, 494—495.

Hhlary Rules, not applicable, 496.

Scope, 494—495. In Indebitatus assumpsit,

Form, 511.

1-lulary Rules, effect, 512.

Scope, 511—512. In replevin,

Form, 497—498.

lPIilary Rules, not applicable, 500.

Scope, 497-499, 500.

Under statutory merger, 497—499. In special assunlpslt,

Form, 508.

J-IIlary Rules, effect, 510—511. Scope, 508—510, 510—511, In trespass,

Form, 485. -

Hulary Rules, effect, 488.

Scope, 485—486, 488. In trespass on the case,

Form, 488.

HIlary Rules, effect, 492—493.

Scope, 488—489, 492—493. In trover,

Form, 493.

ililary Rules, effect, 493—494.

Scope, 493-.494.

Irregularity of, 459.

Legal conclusions, denIal, 457—458.

Nature and use, 457—459.

Notice of defenses, 513,

Pleas amounting to,

Effect upon specific traverse, 459,

Exception where color given, 471,

General rule, 469—472. Specific traverse, distinguIshed, 457—459,
GENERAL PLEADING

Inducement, 136—138.

Title in adversary, 136.

When allowed, 93—94, 234-238.

Nature, 137.

Fusion of common law and equity, 23.

Power of United States Supreme Court, 23.

Relation to other systems, 23—24.

New York Code of Procedure (1848), 24,

See Real Actions.

See also Debt; Indehitatus Assumpsit. Debt on, alleging jurisdiction, 299.

See specifIc topics for forms.

See also Original Writ Cause of action distInguished, 66. Change by amendment, 559—560. Common law,

Classification, 46—47.

Development, 31—67.

Defined, 65—CC.

DIstinctions between, 60—62.

Effect on liability, 60—CC.

History of, 63—65.

Law and equity, distinction abolished, 57, 67.

Mixed actions, 46—48, 53.

One form, under code, 06—67,

Original writ, 33—43. -Historical background, 33—34.

Personal actions, 46, 47, 56—58.

Pleading and, 63, 66.

Procedure and, 65, 66.

Real actions, 46—56.

Register of writs, 35, 59.

Substantive law, relation to, It.

Necessity to allege writing, 121—122, 138—139.

Functions enumerated, 13—17.

Issue raising, 13—14, 17. -

Notice to adversary, 13—15, 17,

See Indebltatus Assumpslt.

ComparIson of general Issues, 512—513.

Defects of, 459.

DuplIcity, 483—484.

Essential facts, denIal, 457.

In covenant,

Form, 505—SOC.

Rilary Rules, effect, 507.

Scope, 505—SO?. In debt on a judgment,

Form, 504.

Hhlary Rules, not applicable, 505-. Scope, 504—505,

In debt on a simple contract,

Form, 500-501.

- HILARY RULES

AffIrmative defenses, effect upon, 57—58, 484, 488, 4$Z— 494, 490, 497, 500, 502—505, 507, 510—511, 512.

Failure to appear, under, 78—79.

H1LARY RULES—Cont’d

General issues, effect upon, 3. 57—38, 484, 488, 492—494, 498, 497, 500, 502—505, 507, 510—511, 512.

Negative defenses, effect upon, 3, 57—58, 484, 488, 492— 494, 496, 497, 500, 502—505, 507, 510-511. 512.

Venue, under, 103.

HYPOTHETICAL PLEADING

Defect in form, 140—147.

Nature, 371—372.

History, 593.

Allegations, same pleading~ 145—148.

Between defenses, 475—480.

INDEBITATUS ASSUMPSIT

Common breach (Form), 347. Common counts,

Account stated. 360, 304.

Form, 346—347.

Board and lodging, 357.

Classification, 349.

Declaration (Forms), 344—347.

Goods bargained and sold, 358—350.

Goods sold and delivered, 857—358. Form, 344—345.

Indebitatos counts, 350-360.

Land sold and conveyed, 357.

Money counts, 350—354.

Money had and received (Form), 346.

Money lent (Form), 345.

Money paid (Form), 345—346.

Nature, 347—348. -

Quantum xneruit, 359—360, 363—364. Form, 346.

Quantum valebant, 359—360, 863—364. Form, 346.

Use and occupation of land, 854—357.

Value counts, 359—360.

Varieties, 348—360.

Work, labor and services, 350.

Work and labor (Form), 845,

Concurrent, other actions, distinguished, 348—344.

Confession and avoidance, 512.

Contracts of record, relation, 360—362.

Debt distinguished, 279.

Declaration, essential allegatIons, In general, 862.

Breach, 364—385.

Damages, 365.

Executed consideration, 302—884.

Promise, 364.

Express contracts,

Additional work done on request, 343.

Applicability, 338—M3,

Benefit received by defendant, 341.

Facts equivalent to contract duty, 339—340.

Fully executed or performed, 340.

Performance prevented by defendant, 341-342.

Wbcre contract is void, 342. General Issue, 511—512.

Form, 5i1.

Hilary Rules, effect on defenses, 512.

Implied contracts, 338.

Modern codes, rules, etc., 365—367.

INDEBITATUS ASSUMPSIT—Cont’d

On a judgment, 360—361.

Quasi contracts, 279.

Scope and nature, 337—338.

Statutory liabilities, relation, 360—362.
INDUCEMENT

Definition and function, 137.

Duplicity, 148,

In declaration (Form), 83.

Manner of allegation, 136—137.

Nature of, 137.

Sec Jury Trial.

Trespass on the case, 163, 180—181.

See also Issues of Fact; Issues of Law.

Equity, extracted from pleadings, 21.

Framed by parties, 21.

Functions of pleading to produce, 12, 13—17.
ISSUES OF FACT

Action on a record, judge’s role, 538. Conclusion,

By verification, 533—534.

To the country, 532—534. Decided by jury, 19—21. Equity, 19—21. Joinder,

Nature, 436, 535.

Similiter, 436, 533.

Form, 585.

Production of, 12, 13—17, 378. 532—535.

Tender, traverse, 436, 532—534.

Trial by jury, waiver, 536—538.

Production of, 12, 13—17, 378, 532. Tender,

Demurrer, 378, 385—396, 436, 535.

Joinder in demurrer (Form), 390—391. Triable by court, 10—21, 536—53&

See Amendment.

Causes of action, 06—98. Issues of,

Fact, 436, 535.

Law, 390—391, 585 Parties, 423—428.

Action of debt on, 297—290.

Classification and scope, 586—587.

Decree, modern codes, rules, etc., 585.

Decree in equity,

Compared, 585—586.

Contempt, 585—586.

Specific relief, 585—556. Definition, 584, 585.

Demurrer,

Basis of, 405—406.

In abatement, 406.

lIes judieata, 406.

To plea In abatement, 405.

To pleading in chief, 405.

INDEX 655

References are to Pages

Dilatory pleas as bosis of, 430.

Ejectment, 230.

Execution,

Common law, 20, 585—586, 580—503. Equity, 20, 535-586.

Final, 1387.

Indebltatus assumpsit on, 360—361.

Interlocutory, 586—587.

Modern codes, rules, etc., 588.

Money damages, 585.

Motion for,

Non obstante voredicto, 57T—578.

Notwithstanding verdict, 577—578. Modern codes, 582—533,

Nature, 584, 585.

Nil thclt, 472-473.

Nonsuit, 548.

Object of action, 584—585.

Pleadiag as basis, 16, 17.

Pleading judgments, 125.

Replevin, 269.

Revival, scirc facias, 587—588.