Multiple choice. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question
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- SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
- ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
- MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
| Endocrine and Special Senses practice Questions Scioly 2016
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) An important second messenger in hormonal action is 1)
_________ A) calcium. B) ADP. C) adenylate cyclase. D) cAMP. E) ATP.
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 2) Match the endocrine gland in the first column with its associated hormone in the second column. _____ 1. pituitary A. cortisol _____ 2. thymus B. melatonin _____ 3. thyroid C. calcitonin _____ 4. pineal D. growth hormone _____ 5. adrenal E. thymosins 2) _________________
3) Peripheral cells sensitive to the presence of hormones are called ________. 3)
_________________
4) Hormones from the hypothalamus that alter the activity of the anterior pituitary travel in special blood vessels called the ________. 4)
_________________
5) The thyroid gland is composed of many ________ that produce and store thyroid hormone. 5)
_________________
6) Cells of the thyroid gland are the only cells in the body with a need for the mineral ________. 6)
_________________
7) The ________ gland is located along the superior border of the kidney. 7)
_________________
8) The stimulus for hormone release may be neural, hormonal, or ________. 8)
_________________
9) The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the adrenal ________. 9)
_________________
10) Sometimes a releasing hormone is required for release of another hormone. This property is called ________. 10)
________________
11) Two hormones that have additive effects are called ________. 11)
________________
12) Sodium concentration imbalance may cause release of ________. 12)
________________
13) The basic pattern of response that the body produces in response to stress is called the ________. 13)
________________
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 
Using the figure above, identify the labeled part. 14) Label A: ________
15) Label B: ________
16) Label C: ________
17) Label D: ________
18) Label E: ________
19) Label F: ________
20) Label G: ________
21) Label H: ________
22) Label I: ________
23) Label L: ________
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 24) Label M: ________ 24)
________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 25) The ossicles connect the 25)
________ A) cochlea to the tympanic membrane. B) cochlea to the oval window. C) tympanic membrane to the round window. D) tympanic membrane to the oval window. E) oval window to the round window.
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 26) Match the muscle in the first column with its insertion in the second column. _____ 1. inferior rectus A. superior, lateral surface of eyeball _____ 2. superior rectus B. inferior, lateral surface of eyeball _____ 3. inferior oblique C. inferior, medial surface of eyeball _____ 4. superior oblique D. lateral surface of eyeball _____ 5. lateral rectus E. superior, medial surface of eyeball 26) ________________
27) Match the muscle in the first column with its action in the second column. _____ 1. inferior rectus A. eye looks down _____ 2. inferior oblique B. eye rotates medially _____ 3. lateral rectus C. eye rolls, looks up and to the side _____ 4. medial rectus D. eye rolls, looks down and to the side _____ 5. superior oblique E. eye rotates laterally 27) ________________
28) A(n) ________ is an abnormal lens that has lost its clarity. 28)
________________
29) The visual receptors of the retina are called ________ and ________. 29)
________________
30) The ________ contains supporting cells and olfactory receptors. 30)
________________
31) Changes in body position may be sensed by the ear, or by a group of receptors called ________ . 31)
________________
32) Swellings in the semicircular canals are called ________. 32)
________________
33) ________ sense changes in the amount of heat energy. 33)
________________
34) A substance that tastes sour most likely contains ________. 34)
________________
35) The lens attempts to focus light on the ________. 35)
________________
36) Each gustatory cell extends a(n) ________ into the surrounding fluids through a narrow taste pore. 36)
________________
37) A person suffering from ________ can see distant objects more clearly than those that are close. 37)
________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 38) The function of gustatory receptors parallels that of 38)
________ A) light receptors in the eye. B) mechanoreceptors in the ear. C) olfactory receptors in the nose. D) baroreceptors. E) nociceptors.
39) A structure that allows the middle ear to communicate with the nasopharynx is the 39)
________ A) auditory tube. B) pinna. C) vestibular duct. D) tympanic duct. E) external auditory canal.
40) Each of the following statements concerning vision is true EXCEPT one. Identify the exception 40)
________ A) Depth perception is improved when one eye is closed. B) Fibers of the optic nerve synapse at the lateral geniculates of the thalamus. C) Approximately half of the fibers in each optic nerve cross to opposite sides of the brain at the optic chiasm. D) The image that is formed on the retina is inverted. E) The visual cortex of the brain contains a sensory map of the field of vision.
41) The perception of pain coming from parts of the body that are not actually stimulated is called 41)
________ A) slow pain. B) preferential pain. C) referred pain. D) recalcitrant pain. E) actual pain.
42) The structure that overlies the organ of Corti is the 42)
________ A) vestibular duct. B) basilar membrane. C) endolymph. D) tectorial membrane. E) malleus.
43) Our perception of the environment is incomplete because 43)
________ A) humans do not have receptors for every possible stimulus. B) our receptors have ranges of sensitivity. C) all of our awareness of the environment must be learned. D) A and B only E) all of the above
44) The space between the iris and the cornea is the 44)
________ A) anterior chamber. B) aqueous humor. C) vitreous body. D) posterior chamber. E) pupil.
45) Taste receptors are 45)
________ A) found only on the tongue. B) modified epithelial cells. C) unable to divide. D) modified neural cells. E) none of the above
46) The fibrous tunic of the eye 46)
________ A) consists of the sclera and the cornea. B) provides mechanical support and some protection for the eye. C) serves as a point of attachment for extrinsic eye muscles. D) A and C only E) all of the above
47) ________ deafness results from conditions in the middle ear that block the normal transfer of vibrations from the tympanum to the oval window. 47)
________ A) Cochlear B) Corti C) Nerve D) Tunnel E) Conduction
48) Visual pigments are derivatives of 48)
________ A) opsin. B) retinal. C) rhodopsin. D) both A and B E) all of the above
49) Treatment of a cataract usually involves removal of the 49)
________ A) cornea. B) iris. C) vitreous humor. D) lens. E) sclera.
50) Which of the following concerning olfaction is false? 50)
________ A) Humans may have as many as 20 million olfactory receptors. B) Olfactory receptors are highly modified neurons. C) Olfactory stimuli do not pass through the thalamus before journeying to the olfactory cortex. D) Human power of olfaction is as powerful as most other mammals. E) Molecules to be smelled must first dissolve in the mucus covering the olfactory receptors.
51) Factors associated with blindness include all of the following EXCEPT 51)
________ A) diabetes mellitus. B) glaucoma. C) retinal detachment. D) heredity. E) myopia.
52) Nociceptors are sensitive to 52)
________ A) pain. B) blood pressure. C) light touch. D) pressure. E) osmotic pressure.
53) The smallest ossicle is the 53)
________ A) stapes. B) tympanic membrane. C) incus. D) cochlea. E) malleus.
54) Taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves 54)
________ A) V, VII, and IX. B) VII, VIII, and IX. C) IX, X, and XI. D) IX, XI, and XII. E) VII, IX, and X.
55) Olfactory glands 55)
________ A) form the basement membrane of the olfactory epithelium. B) produce a pigmented mucus that covers the olfactory epithelium. C) are sensitive to aromatic molecules in the air. D) contain the neural receptors for the sense of smell. E) form structures called olfactory bulbs.
56) An example of neuronal replacement in the adult human involves the 56)
________ A) pain receptors. B) olfactory receptors. C) nociceptors. D) retinal cells. E) gustatory receptors.
57) When viewing an object close to you, your lens should be more 57)
________ A) lateral. B)
rounded. C)
convex. D)
medial. E)
flattened.
58) The lacrimal glands 58)
________ A) produce most of the volume of tears. B) are located in pockets in the frontal bones. C) produce a slightly acidic secretion that contains lysozyme. D) A and B only E) all of the above
59) Which of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation? 59)
________ A) sour B)
metallic C)
bitter D)
sweet E)
salty
60) The term general senses refers to sensations of 60)
________ A) hot and cold. B) pain. C) touch and vibration. D) both B and C E) all of the above
61) The anterior cavity is 61)
________ A) filled with aqueous humor. B) filled with endolymph. C) filled with perilymph. D) hollow. E) filled by the vitreous body.
62) A device that monitors the activity of the photoreceptor cells of the eye indicates that there is a constant flow of neurotransmitter being released by the photoreceptor cells. This information implies that the subject is 62)
________ A) focusing on a distant object. B) reading. C) in a dark room. D) in a brightly lit auditorium. E) outside in sunlight.
63) The sense of hearing is provided by receptors of the 63)
________ A) pinna. B) middle ear. C) semicircular canals. D) outer ear. E) inner ear.
64) Pain receptors 64)
________ A) increase in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus. B) are widely distributed in all tissues. C) are stimulated by things that cause tissue damage. D) adapt rapidly. E) reduce in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus.
65) A viral infection involving the vestibular nuclei may result in 65)
________ A) loss of sight. B) a sense of dizziness. C) loss of hearing. D) high blood pressure. E) local paralysis.
66) There are ________ primary taste sensations. 66)
________ A) 2 B) 4 C) 12 D) 20 E) more than 50
67) Only about ________ percent of the information provided by afferent fibers reaches the cerebral cortex and conscious awareness. 67)
________ A) 1 B)
3 C)
5 D)
8 E)
12
68) There are three different types of cones, each one sensitive to a different color wavelength of light. These cones are designated 68)
________ A) red, blue, and green. B) red, yellow, and indigo. C) red, green, and yellow. D) red, yellow, and blue. E) yellow, green, and blue.
69) Which descending pathway in the spinal cord is responsible for carrying reflex information maintaining postural muscle tone? 69)
________ A) vestibulospinal B) corticospinal C) spinocerebellar D) posterior column E) medial and lateral pathways
70) The daily day/night cycle known as a circadian rhythm is established in 70)
________ A) the lateral geniculates. B) the medial geniculates. C) the pineal gland. D) the hypothalamus. E) both A and C
71) The structure that separates the cochlear duct from the tympanic duct is the 71)
________ A) organ of Corti. B) basilar membrane. C) malleus. D) vestibular duct. E) tectorial membrane.
72) Which of the following is filled with air? 72)
________ A) membranous labyrinth B) cochlea C) middle ear cavity D) vestibule E) semicircular canal
73) Stereoscopic vision results when the 73)
________ A) images in each eye are slightly different. B) images in both eyes are identical. C) rods of one eye are stimulated, and cones are stimulated in the other. D) brain interprets the images and alters them. E) none of the above
74) A blind spot in the retina occurs where 74)
________ A) ganglion cells synapse with bipolar cells. B) the fovea is located. C) the optic nerve attaches to the retina. D) amacrine cells are located. E) rod cells are clustered to form the macula.
75) Sensory receptors that monitor the position of joints are called 75)
________ A) baroreceptors. B) nociceptors. C) thermoreceptors. D) chemoreceptors. E) proprioceptors.
76) Sensory receptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called 76)
________ A) baroreceptors. B) chemoreceptors. C) thermoreceptors. D) nociceptors. E) proprioceptors.
77) Temperature senses use two types of 77)
________ A) free nerve endings. B) proprioceptors. C) tactile corpuscles. D) chemoreceptors. E) lamellated corpuscles.
78) The fading of a smell some time after you enter a room is an example of experiencing 78)
________ A) a change in temperature. B) a change in concentration of the odor. C) damage to receptors. D) sensory adaptation. E) all of the above
79) The lens of the eye thickens when the 79)
________ A) ciliary muscles relax. B) ciliary muscles contract. C) suspensory ligaments pull on the lens. D) ciliary processes contract. E) conjunctiva contracts.
80) Olfactory receptors are examples of 80)
________ A) proprioceptors. B) pain receptors. C) mechanoreceptors. D) chemoreceptors. E) thermoreceptors.
81) Which of the following contains pain receptors? 81)
________ A) meninges B) blood vessels in the brain C) neural tissue D) both A and B E) both B and C
82) The shape of the lens is controlled by the 82)
________ A) aqueous body. B) ciliary muscles. C) suspensory ligaments. D) pupillary dilator muscles. E) pupillary constrictor muscles.
83) Which of the following is part of the inner tunic of the eye? 83)
________ A) lateral rectus muscle B) sclera C) iris D) conjunctiva E) retina
84) Normal eye focusing is termed 84)
________ A) refraction. B) hyperopia. C) myopia. D) presbyopia. E) emmetropia.
85) The space between the suspensory ligaments and the iris is the 85)
________ A) vitreous body. B) pupil. C) posterior chamber. D) posterior cavity. E) anterior chamber.
86) The color receptors within the retina are sensitive to lights that are 86)
________ A) red, blue, and yellow. B) red, green, and yellow. C) orange, green, and purple. D) red, blue, green, and yellow. E) red, blue, and green.
87) As a result of the tympanic reflex, 87)
________ A) the auditory ossicles vibrate more forcefully. B) vibrations are less efficient. C) the auditory ossicles amplify the signal. D) vibrations are more efficient. E) all of the above
88) The amplitude of vibrations is measured in 88)
________ A) wavelength. B) frequency. C) intensity. D) decibels. E) duration.
89) The ciliary muscle helps to 89)
________ A) control the amount of light reaching the retina. B) control the shape of the lens. C) control the production of aqueous humor. D) move the eyeball. E) both A and B
90) Movement of the sensory receptors in the ampullae of the semicircular canals 90)
________ A) stimulates the receptor cells, alerting us to rotational movement. B) allows us to hear sounds. C) allows us to perceive linear acceleration. D) stimulates the receptor cells to a change in body position with respect to gravity. E) produces sound.
91) A structure that is located at the medial canthus and contains glands that produce a gritty secretion is the 91)
________ A) superior eye lid. B) sclera. C) conjunctiva. D) tear gland. E) lacrimal caruncle.
92) Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the 92)
________ A) auditory ossicles. B) cochlea. C) oval window. D) tympanic membrane. E) round window.
93) The branch of the cranial nerve that is responsible for monitoring changes in equilibrium is the ________ branch. 93)
________ A) cochlear B)
vestibular C)
trigeminal D)
auditory E)
otoconial
94) Night blindness can be treated by administering 94)
________ A) vitamin A. B) vitamin K. C) vitamin C. D) vitamin D. E) vitamin E.
95) Which of the following extrinsic eye muscles is responsible for rotating the eye laterally? 95)
________ A) lateral rectus B) superior rectus C) inferior rectus D) inferior oblique E) medial rectus
96) As nerve fibers from the retina travel to the brain, axons from the 96)
________ A) retinas of both eyes do NOT cross over. B) nasal half of each eye cross over. C) otic half of each eye cross over. D) retinas of both eyes ALL cross over. E) none of the above
97) The range of the human ear is about 97)
________ A) 2,000–3,000 Hertz. B) 20–20,000 Hertz. C) 2,000–200,000 Hertz. D) 2–2,000 Hertz. E) 20–2,000 Hertz.
98) The Golgi tendon organ is stimulated more when 98)
________ A) muscle tension decreases. B) muscles are metabolically active and produce oxygen. C) muscle tension increases. D) oxygen is depleted. E) muscle length increases.
99) The transparent portion of the eye is the 99)
________ A) cornea. B) iris. C) conjunctiva. D) canthus. E) pupil.
100) The special senses are 100)
_______ A) equilibrium. B) olfaction. C) vision. D) gustation. E) all of the above
101) Which of the following extrinsic eye muscles is responsible for enabling the eye to look upward? 101)
_______ A) medial rectus B) superior rectus C) inferior rectus D) inferior oblique E) superior oblique
102) The frequency of a sound is indicated to the nervous system by the 102)
_______ A) frequency of vibration of the tectorial membrane. B) number of rows of hair cells that are stimulated. C) frequency of hair cell vibration. D) movement of the perilymph in the cochlear duct. E) region of the organ of Corti that is stimulated.
103) The pigmented portion of the eye is the 103)
_______ A) canthus. B) cornea. C) conjunctiva. D) iris. E) pupil.
104) Rhodopsin is found in 104)
_______ A) sodium pumps. B) cones. C) rods. D) visual pigments. E) neurotransmitters.
105) When all three cone populations are stimulated, one sees 105)
_______ A) white. B)
blue. C)
red. D)
black. E)
green.
106) Visual acuity is also known as 106)
_______ A) nearsightedness. B) farsightedness. C) astigmatism. D) clarity of vision. E) myopia.
107) A movement in the vertical plane, such as falling straight down while the body maintains the anatomic position, would be sensed by the 107)
_______ A) organ of Corti. B) cochlea. C) utricles. D) saccules. E) supporting cells.
108) Chemoreceptors are located in 108)
_______ A) the special senses of taste and smell. B) the carotid and aortic bodies. C) the respiratory control center of the medulla. D) A and B only E) all of the above
109) Muscle spindles are stimulated more when 109)
_______ A) muscles use oxygen. B) muscle length decreases. C) muscle tension increases. D) muscles use glycogen. E) muscle tension decreases.
110) The lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by 110)
_______ A) changing shape. B) moving in and out. C) dilating and constricting. D) moving up and down. E) opening and closing.
111) The hearing receptors are located in the 111)
_______ A) saccule. B) ampulla. C) utricle. D) semicircular canals. E) organ of Corti.
112) The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by 112)
_______ A) decreased resistance to disease and infection. B) increased ability to produce glucose from glycogen. C) increased pumping effectiveness of the heart. D) increased protein synthesis. E) both A and C
113) Endocrine organs can be controlled by 113)
_______ A) hormones from other endocrine glands. B) releasing hormones from the hypothalamus. C) direct neural stimulation. D) A and C only E) all of the above
114) Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is also known as 114)
_______ A) Type III. B) diabetes insipidus. C) Type II. D) non–insulin-dependent diabetes. E) Type I.
115) This gland is responsible for establishing daily circadian rhythms. 115)
_______ A) thyroid B) parathyroid C) pineal D) pancreas E) thymus
116) Hormones that control the function of the anterior pituitary gland are released from the 116)
_______ A) thalamus. B) pineal body. C) hypothalamus. D) basal nuclei. E) medulla oblongata.
117) Increased numbers of red blood cells would result from increases in the hormone 117)
_______ A) erythropoietin. B) thymosin. C) renin. D) aldosterone. E) cortisol.
118) Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made? 118)
_______ A) hypothalamus B) posterior pituitary C) anterior pituitary D) thyroid E) adrenal gland
119) In Type II diabetes, insulin levels are frequently normal, yet the target cells are less sensitive to the effects of insulin. This suggests that 119)
_______ A) the target cells may lack enough insulin receptors. B) the target cells are impermeable to insulin. C) the target cells cannot convert insulin to an active form. D) the target cells have adequate internal supplies of glucose. E) none of the above
120) The beta cells of the pancreas produce 120)
_______ A) glucagons. B) rennin. C) parathyroid hormone. D) ADH. E) insulin.
121) The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is 121)
_______ A) TSH. B)
LH. C)
FSH. D)
ACTH. E)
PRL.
122) During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is 122)
_______ A) decreased mental alertness. B) increased urine production. C) mobilization of energy reserves. D) decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin. E) all of the above
123) The endocrine system 123)
_______ A) releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. B) releases hormones that alter the metabolic activities of many different tissues and organs simultaneously. C) produces effects that can last for hours, days, and even longer. D) A and C only E) all of the above
124) Diabetes mellitus is characterized by 124)
_______ A) excessive urine production. B) glucose in the urine. C) urine with high osmotic pressure. D) blood sugar imbalance. E) all of the above
125) Effects of medullary hormones include all of the following EXCEPT 125)
_______ A) release of lipids by adipose tissue. B) increased heart activity. C) increased blood glucose levels. D) increased blood pressure. E) decreased glycogen breakdown.
126) The posterior pituitary gland secretes 126)
_______ A) ADH. B)
MSH. C)
TSH. D)
FSH. E)
ACTH.
127) The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to rise is 127)
_______ A) growth hormone. B) erythropoietin. C) glucagon. D) cortisol. E) insulin.
128) Hormone-producing cells of the testes produce 128)
_______ A) estrogen. B) progesterone. C) testosterone. D) inhibin. E) both C and D
129) Diabetes insipidus is caused by 129)
_______ A) decreased numbers of insulin receptors. B) decreased numbers of ADH receptors. C) decreased levels of ADH. D) decreased levels of insulin. E) none of the above
130) When adenylate cyclase is activated, 130)
_______ A) protein kinases are metabolized. B) calcium ions are released from intracellular stores. C) steroids are produced. D) cAMP is formed. E) cAMP is broken down.
131) Hormones from which of the following glands are responsible for the calorigenic effect? 131)
_______ A) adrenal gland B) thyroid gland C) pituitary gland D) thymus E) parathyroid gland
132) The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of 132)
_______ A) angiotensin. B) epinephrine. C) erythropoietin. D) ADH. E) cortisol.
133) Decreased blood flow to the kidneys would lead to 133)
_______ A) elevated levels of aldosterone. B) increased levels of erythropoietin. C) decreased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide. D) renin release. E) all of the above
134) The hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are the 134)
_______ A) mineralocorticoids. B) glucocorticoids. C) androgens. D) thyroid hormones. E) gonadotropins.
135) Thyroid hormone contains the mineral 135)
_______ A) zinc. B) iron. C) potassium. D) iodine. E) sodium.
136) In studying a group of cells it is noticed that when stimulated by a particular hormone, there is marked increase in the quantity of adenylate cyclase in a cell. The hormone being studied is probably 136)
_______ A) a peptide. B) a steroid. C) testosterone. D) aldosterone. E) estrogen.
137) Another name for antidiuretic hormone is 137)
_______ A) thymosin. B) vasopressin. C) parathyroid hormone. D) cortisol. E) growth hormone.
138) The hormone that is important for maintenance of the immune system is 138)
_______ A) thyroid hormone. B) gonadotropin. C) thymosin. D) aldosterone. E) cortisol.
139) The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is 139)
_______ A) FSH. B)
LH. C)
MSH. D)
ACTH. E)
TSH.
140) Alcoholic beverages cause excessive urine production by blocking the action of 140)
_______ A) aldosterone. B) TSH. C) cortisol. D) FSH. E) ADH.
141) The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is 141)
_______ A) parathyroid hormone. B) thyroid hormone. C) glucagon. D) oxytocin. E) calcitonin.
142) The adrenal medulla produces 142)
_______ A) glucocorticoids. B) mineralocorticoids. C) epinephrine. D) steroids. E) androgens.
143) Decreased levels of parathyroid hormone could result in 143)
_______ A) tetany. B) depressed immune activity. C) profuse urination. D) increased sweating. E) all of the above
144) Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the 144)
_______ A) pancreas. B) hypothalamus. C) thyroid gland. D) parathyroid glands. E) all of the above
145) Cells of the adrenal cortex produce 145)
_______ A) parathyroid hormone. B) epinephrine. C) insulin. D) ADH. E) aldosterone.
146) This condition is characterized by abnormally high glucose concentrations that overwhelm the reabsorption capabilities of the kidneys. 146)
_______ A) glucose diabetes B) diabetes mellitus C) diabetes insipidus D) gigantism E) all of the above
147) Generally the actions of hormones 147)
_______ A) cause changes in the machinery of the cells. B) tend to be more widespread than actions of the nervous system. C) are longer lasting than actions of the nervous system. D) are slower to react than the nervous system. E) all of the above
148) The pituitary hormone that stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin is 148)
_______ A) LH. B)
ACTH. C)
GH. D)
TSH. E)
MSH.
149) Which of the following is released by axon endings in the posterior pituitary? 149)
_______ A) growth hormone B) melanocyte-stimulating hormone C) thyroid-stimulating hormone D) adenylate cyclase E) antidiuretic hormone
150) Target cells of the releasing and inhibiting hormones are located in the 150)
_______ A) adrenal gland. B) posterior pituitary. C) testes. D) thymus gland. E) anterior pituitary.
151) Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin would result in 151)
_______ A) acromegaly. B) myxedema. C) diabetes insipidus. D) Cushing's disease. E) diabetes mellitus.
152) Increased aggressive behavior is associated with increases in 152)
_______ A) testosterone. B) progesterone. C) thyroid hormone. D) mineralocorticoids. E) growth hormone.
153) Two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are 153)
_______ A) epinephrine and norepinephrine. B) CT and PTH. C) PRL and ACTH. D) oxytocin and ADH. E) FSH and GH.
154) In response to stress, the concentration of epinephrine 154)
_______ A) increases and cortisol remains unchanged. B) increases and cortisol decreases. C) decreases and cortisol increases. D) and cortisol decreases. E) and cortisol increases.
155) This condition develops when the posterior pituitary no longer releases adequate amounts of ADH. 155)
_______ A) diabetes mellitus B) pituitary dwarfism C) diabetes insipidus D) gigantism E) exophthalmos
156) When blood glucose levels fall, 156)
_______ A) insulin is released. B) protein synthesis decreases. C) glucagon is released. D) peripheral cells take up less glucose. E) all of the above
157) The most complex endocrine responses involve the 157)
_______ A) adrenal glands. B) hypothalamus. C) thymus. D) thyroid gland. E) pancreas.
158) Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood. 158)
_______ A) cortisol B) thymosin C) parathyroid hormone D) aldosterone E) calcitonin
159) The hormone released from the adrenal medulla is 159)
_______ A) aldosterone. B) insulin. C) cortisol. D) androgens. E) none of the above
160) Two hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary are 160)
_______ A) PRL and OT. B) GH and TSH. C) ADH and OT. D) ACTH and LH. E) ADH and FSH.
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