Model question papers for m. Sc. Biochemistry programme

BC2M002PC6- Immunology

1. 
   Adjuvants
   
2. 
   Abzymes
   
3. 
   Immunofluorescence
   
4. 
   Chimeric antibody
   
5. 
   Superantigens
   
6. 
   Idiotype and Isotype
   
7. 
   Dendritic cells
   
8. 
   SCID Mice
   

9. 
   Active & Passive Immunization
   

11) Erythroblastosis foetalis

12) T- Cell Receptor Complex

13) MHC Molecules

14) ABO blood grouping

15) Mechanism involved in Graft Rejection

16) Mitogens

Part C

III Answer Any Three in Detail (Wt: 5 each)

17) Elaborate on the molecular basis of Antibody Diversity. Write a note on class switching.

18) Describe the various Antigen- Antibody reactions in detail.

19) Describe the different types of Hypersensitivity reactions.

20) What is autoimmunity? Describe the various autoimmune diseases.

21) What are Complements? How are they involved in the defense mechanism?

22) Explain the process of B – cell maturation, activation & differentiation.

MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

MSc BIOCHEMISTRY PROGRAMME

BC2M 002 PC7 CORE COURSE 7

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING

MODEL QUESTION PAPER

Time 3hrs Total weight 30

Part A

I). Answer briefly any five of the following. Weight 1 each

1. What are okazaki fragment?

2. What are different modes of replication?

3. What are different types of transcription termination mechanisms?

4. Explain monocistronic and polycistronic mRNA?

5. Explain post translational import?

6. Briefly explain molecular mechanism of ribozymes?

7. What are thermo stable DNA polymerases?

8. Compare and contrast E coli DNA ligase and T4 DNA ligase?

II) Answer any five of the following (Weight 2 each)

9. What are repetitive DNA sequences?

10. Briefly explain an experiment to prove semi conservative mode of replication?

11. Briefly explain different steps in prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?

12. What is mRNA splicing?

13. Briefly explain hormonal regulation of gene expression?

14. Briefly explain difference of prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?

15 Briefly explain the importance of Cohen and Boyer patents?

16. What is pharming? Explain with suitable examples?

III) Answer any three of the following in detail (Weight 5 each)

17. Explain the enzymology of DNA replication?

18. Explain post transcriptional modification of eukaryotic mRNA?

19. Explain protein tableting?

20. Explain chemical synthesis of DNA

21. Explain Sangers DNA sequence?

22. Explain applications of molecular biology in forensic medicine, Archeology and

Short answer questions; Answer any five of the following Weight: 1 each

1. 
   What is the significance of active site in enzymatic reactions?
   
2. 
   What are the disadvantages of using Line-Weaver Burk plot?
   
3. 
   Distinguish between lyases and ligases.
   
4. 
   What are immobilized enzymes?
   
5. 
   What do you know about induced fit hypothesis?
   
6. 
   Define Katal and International Unit.
   
7. 
   What are suicidal Inhibiitors? Give examples
   
8. 
   What do you know about enzyme therapy?
   

Short essay/Problem solving type. Answer any five of the following Weight: 2 each

9. 
   Derive Michaelis Menten equation.
   
10. 
    Describe the reaction mechanisms of bisubstrate reaction.
    
11. 
    Distinguish between non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition with the help of Line-weaver Burk plot.
    
12. 
    Outline the industrial application of enzymes.
    
13. 
    What is the role of coenzymes in enzymatic catalysis?
    
14. 
    Write a note on Enzyme specificity
    
15. 
    Explain regulation of metabolic pathways by covalent modification of enzymes.
    
16. 
    How do you determine the type of inhibitors graphically?
    

Long essay type. Answer any three of the following Weight: 5 each

17. 
    Explain the mechanism of action of serine proteases.
    
18. 
    Describe the kinetics of allosteric enzymes.
    
19. 
    Give an idea about the isolation methods for enzymes.
    
20. 
    What are the different factors that affect velocity of enzyme catalyzed reactions?
    
21. 
    Explain the role of multienzyme complexes in the regulation of metabolic pathways.
    
22. 
    Describe the clinical and therapeutic importance of enzymes.
    

Short answer questions; Answer any five of the following Weight: 1 each

1. 
   What is the importance of phosphorylated intermediates in metabolism?
   
2. 
   What do you mean by substrate level phosphorylation? Give examples.
   
3. 
   Write a note on the importance of glyoxylate pathway.
   
4. 
   Describe the importance of Nernst equation.
   
5. 
   Why HDL is known as good cholesterol and LDL is known as bad cholesterol?
   
6. 
   Explain the importance of Cori cycle.
   
7. 
   What is the clinical significance of ketone bodies?
   
8. 
   What is the importance of metagenomics?
   

Short essay/Problem solving type. Answer any five of the following Weight: 2 each

9. 
   Discuss the importance and regulation of Urea cycle.
   
10. 
    Explain the degradation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
    
11. 
    Discuss the regulation of pyrimidine degradation.
    
12. 
    What do you know about shuttle systems? Give examples.
    
13. 
    Explain how fructose and galactoses are metabolized in our body?
    
14. 
    Describe chemiosmotic hypothesis? How uncouplers work?
    
15. 
    Distinguish between transamination and oxidative deamination.
    
16. 
    Explain the degradation of heme.
    

Long essay type. Answer any three of the following. Weight: 5 each

17. 
    Explain the biodegradation of aromatic amino acids. Give an idea about the inborn errors associated with it.
    
18. 
    Describe in detail the fate of pyruvate formed in glycolysis during aerobic and anaerobic conditions
    
19. 
    Discuss about the electron carrier complexes in electron transport chain.
    
20. 
    Explain the various reactions in Kreb’s Cycle.
    
21. 
    Discuss Cholesterol Biosynthesis and its regulation.
    
22. 
    Describe the role of protein kinases in signal transduction with the help of a suitable example.
    

Short answer questions; Answer any five of the following Weight: 1 each

23. 
    What is the significance of active site in enzymatic reactions?
    
24. 
    What are the disadvantages of using Line-Weaver Burk plot?
    
25. 
    Distinguish between lyases and ligases.
    
26. 
    What are immobilized enzymes?
    
27. 
    What do you know about induced fit hypothesis?
    
28. 
    Define Katal and International Unit.
    
29. 
    What are suicidal Inhibiitors? Give examples
    
30. 
    What do you know about enzyme therapy?
    

Short essay/Problem solving type. Answer any five of the following Weight: 2 each

31. 
    Derive Michaelis Menten equation.
    
32. 
    Describe the reaction mechanisms of bisubstrate reaction.
    
33. 
    Distinguish between non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition with the help of Line-weaver Burk plot.
    
34. 
    Outline the industrial application of enzymes.
    
35. 
    What is the role of coenzymes in enzymatic catalysis?
    
36. 
    Write a note on Enzyme specificity
    
37. 
    Explain regulation of metabolic pathways by covalent modification of enzymes.
    
38. 
    How do you determine the type of inhibitors graphically?
    

Long essay type. Answer any three of the following Weight: 5 each

39. 
    Explain the mechanism of action of serine proteases.
    
40. 
    Describe the kinetics of allosteric enzymes.
    
41. 
    Give an idea about the isolation methods for enzymes.
    
42. 
    What are the different factors that affect velocity of enzyme catalyzed reactions?
    
43. 
    Explain the role of multienzyme complexes in the regulation of metabolic pathways.
    
44. 
    Describe the clinical and therapeutic importance of enzymes.
    

Time:3 hours Total weight: 30

1. 
   Write the reaction catalysed by Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase. Mention its importance in photosynthesis.
   
2. 
   Describe the term ‘CAM’.
   
3. 
   Distinguish between auxins and gibberellins.
   
4. 
   What is the importance of nif genes?
   
5. 
   What are the major functions of alkaloids?
   
6. 
   What do you mean by photosynthetic efficiency?
   
7. 
   What is the importance of Jasmonic acid in plant defence?
   
8. 
   Point out the importance of glyoxysomes and peroxysomes.
   

9. 
   Give an account on the structural details of chloroplast.
   
10. 
    Explain the mechanism of action of abscissic acid.
    
11. 
    Distinguish between cyclic and non-cyclic photosynthetic pathways.
    
12. 
    What are the major functions of alkaloids?
    
13. 
    List out the enzymes important in nitrate metabolism
    
14. 
    Detail the significance of photorespiration.
    
15. 
    What is the importance of phenolic compounds?
    
16. 
    Describe the importance and application of synthetic hormones.
    

17. 
    Describe the ways in which secondary metabolites are useful for humans.
    
18. 
    Explain the biosynthesis of terpenoids
    
19. 
    Detail the chemical reactions involved in the dark phase of photosynthesis.
    
20. 
    Classify alkaloids and discuss their important role in plants.
    
21. 
    Explain the mechanism of action of nitrogenase enzyme.
    
22. 
    Discuss the biosynthesis of cytokinins.
    

1. 
   What are neurohormones?
   
2. 
   Write down the functions of adrenal gland.
   
3. 
   Write a note on hyperglycemia.
   
4. 
   How are thyroid hormones transported?
   
5. 
   What is diabetes insipidus?
   
6. 
   Name the hormone whose second messenger is cGMP and indicate how cGMP is formed.
   
7. 
   What are goitrogenic compounds?
   
8. 
   What are the structural differences between proinsulin and insulin?
   

1. 
   Write a note on non-steroid hormones.
   
2. 
   What is thyroglobulin? Describe the role of thyroglobulin in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones
   
3. 
   Describe the major molecular events involved in the uptake and metabolism of iodine by thyroid cells.
   
4. 
   What are the major biochemical effects of insulin?
   
5. 
   Write a note on endocrine disorders.
   
6. 
   Describe the hormonal control of calcium homeostasis.
   
7. 
   Describe the endocrine role of kidney.
   
8. 
   Describe the function of pituitary gland.
   

1. 
   Describe the current concepts of the molecular mechanism of action of insulin.
   
2. 
   Write briefly on:-
   

3. 
   Describe the classification, synthesis, circulation and metabolism of steroid hormones.
   
4. 
   Write an essay on the different molecular mediators of hormone action.
   
5. 
   Explain the different techniques used in cellular and molecular endocrinology
   
6. 
   Describe reproductive hormones and explain the endocrinology of pregnancy.
   

Time 3hrs Total weight 30

1. Briefly describe the structure of neuron with diagram

4. What is resting potential?

(b) Analytical variables

(c) Post-analytical variables in quality control

2. What you mean by osmolarity of water and free water clearance

3. Write about the stimulation test used in the gastric function tests

4. Describe insulin tolerance test

5. Write about AIDS and its clinical diagnosis

6. Explain DNA probes

7. Explain any one disorder of erythrocyte metabolism

8. What is Glycated Hemoglobin? How it is used in the diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

Part B

Answer any five (weight-2)

9. Write briefly on the method of collection, storage and processing of blood specimen for
biochemical analysis?

10. Describe Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

11. Write an account on the use of radioactive isotopes in diagnosing diseases.

12. Examination of amniotic fluid

13. Write down the deficient enzymes, symptoms, clinical diagnosis and treatment of
aminoacidurias

14. Describe Niemaan Pick disease

15. Explain polymerase chain reaction and write down the use of PCR

16. Describe the prenatal diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism

Part C

Answer any three (weight-5)

17. Mention the disorders of carbohydrate metabolism and explain

18. Describe quality control in a clinical laboratory

19. Renal function tests

20. Mention and explain the disorders associated with nucleic acid metabolism

21. Explain the neonatal screening for hypothyroidism and phenylketonuria

22. Which are the tests to be done to find out the proper functioning of liver? Describe in detail.


MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

M. Sc BIOCHEMISTRY PROGRAMME

BC4MOO4 PE2-Elective

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

MODEL QUESTION PAPER

Time -3 hrs Total Credits -30

(Short Answer Questions; Weight -1 each)

Answer any five of the following

1. 
   Mention the crucial atmospheric factors that determine the climate of a place. Explain
   
2. 
   Explain the major environment factor that determines the balance of the hydrosphere
   
3. 
   What do you mean by the structure of an ecosystem?
   
4. 
   Explain cybernetics of an ecosystem
   
5. 
   Why is dissolved oxygen highly significant to aquatic systems?
   
6. 
   Distinguish between BOD and COD
   
7. 
   Distinguish between α- diversity and ϒ-diversity
   
8. 
   What is the basic criterion to declare a species endangered? 1 X 5 =5
   

(Short Essay/ Problem Solving type; Weight -2 each)

Answer any five of the following

9. 
   Mention the major water quality parameters and their standard limits as per any national or international norms
   
10. 
    What are primary air pollutants? Explain the major environment impact of primary air pollutants in automobile exhausts
    
11. 
    Explain radiation fallout. Mention the sources and the major environment impacts of radiation fallout
    
12. 
    What are the major soil physical properties? Mention the significance of soil structure in fertility
    
13. 
    Why is tertiary treatment of water difficult to achieve and remains costly? Explain
    
14. 
    What are xenobiotics? Explain the major environment impacts of xenobiotics
    
15. 
    Explain how significant biofertilizers to sustainable agriculture? Give examples of biofertilizers mentioning their mode of action
    
16. 
    Explain CITES. How significant is this international treaty in conservation of species?
    

(Long Essay type – Weight 5 each)

17. 
    Explain the various applications of microbes in environment cleaning. Mention the constraints and priorities of bioremediation
    
18. 
    Explain Phytoremediation. Mention the different kinds of phytoremediations and the applications of each kind.
    
19. 
    Compare and contrast Activated Sludge Process and Trickling Filter Treatment of waste water
    
20. 
    Explain the major kinds and sources of terratogens and carcinogens in the environment and mention the methods of assessment of toxicity and environment risk of such agents
    
21. 
    Compare and comment on the significance of Stockholm conference and Rio conference on the emerging of global environment policies
    
22. 
    Explain the details of the 1992 National Environment Policy of India. Mention how this policy document reflects constitutional provisions of environment protection in the country?
    

1. 
   Define BMR. How is it determined?
   
2. 
   Write notes on any four deficiency diseases associated with vitamin- A.
   
3. 
   Explain the special care to be taken during pregnancy with regard to the diet.
   
4. 
   Write notes on the nutritional requirement during peptic ulcer.
   
5. 
   Comment on the nutritional requirement during infantile biliary cirrhosis.
   
6. 
   Define respiratory quotient. What are the factors affecting it?
   
7. 
   Write notes on Type II nephritis and the nutritional requirement during this period.
   
8. 
   Explain the terms
   

1. 
   Protein Efficiency ratio
   
2. 
   Specific Dynamic Action
   

9. 
   Explain in detail the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates.
   
10. 
    Explain in detail Protein Calorie Malnutrition.
    
11. 
    Explain atherosclerosis. Enumerate the possible etiological factors for the same.
    
12. 
    Write notes on the food requirements during infancy.
    
13. 
    Write notes on cirrhosis of liver. Describe the dietetic management and food requirement during this period.
    
14. 
    Comment on geriatric nutrition.
    
15. 
    Comment on the physiological role of Calcium, Magnesium and Iron.
    
16. 
    Describe the sources, daily requirement and deficiency diseases associated with
    

17. 
    Comment on dietetic management on the following
    

1. 
   Jaundice and viral hepatitis
   
2. 
   Gastritis
   

18. 
    Define water soluble vitamins. Discuss the daily human requirement, sources and deficiency states of any four of them.
    
19. 
    Describe the digestion and absorption of proteins
    
20. 
    Explain in detail the inter relationship between nutrients.
    
21. 
    Explain in detail the nutritional requirement during cancer and comment on the role of food in the prevention of cancer.
    
22. 
    Comment on the nutritional and food requirement for an expectant mother.
    

(Short answer questions- weight 1 each)

Answer any five of the following

Write briefly on

1. Trade Secret

2. Advantages and disadvantages of PBR

3. Library resources

4. Hypothesis

5. Plagiarism

6. Ecological impact of GM crops

7. Discussion in research publication

8 Ethical aspects of embryonic stem cells for therapy

(Short essay/ Problem solving type - weight 2 each)

Answer any five of the following

9 Explain sampling error

10. Briefly explain sampling design

11. Discuss the regulations for use of animals in research

12. Explain patent databases

13 What are the various types of diagrammatic representation of data?

14. Explain patent infringement with an example.

15. Importance of search engines in information retrieval.

16 Give an account of ethical and safety aspects of animal cloning.

Part C

(Long Essay Type- weight 5 each)

Answer any three of the following

17. Describe the major aspects of a good research design.

18. Explain the major elements of a scientific paper.

19. Define data. Mention the different kinds of data, their levels of measurement and the various methods of data collection.

20. Explain library classification. Mention its significance.

21. Briefly explain the different types of patents. What is the procedure involved in filing for a patent application

22. Discuss the ethical and safety issues involved in testing of drugs on human volunteer.


MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY

M.Sc. BIOCHEMISTRY PROGRAMME

BC4M004PE4 PLANT AND ANIMAL CELL CULTURE
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
Time 3 hours Total weight 30

Part A

(Short answer questions- weight 1 each)

Answer any five of the following

1. 
   Techniques used for cell separation
   
2. 
   Describe the various changes undergone by the cells during cryopreservation
   
3. 
   Differentiate between primary and secondary cell culture
   
4. 
   Construct a vector map of a plant transformation vector indicating all the key features
   
5. 
   How does Bt toxin confer pest resistance in plants.What are its disadvantages?
   
6. 
   What are the various applications of tissue engineering?
   
7. 
   Advantages of immobilized cell culture
   
8. 
   Explain rotary bioreactor.
   

Answer any five of the following

9. Differentiate between serum containing and serum free media

10. Outline the steps involved in the initiation of callus culture

11. Describe the possible measures to be taken on observing fungal/bacterial contamination in your cell culture plates.

12. Differentiate between Ti and Ri plasmids.

13. Describe the mechanism of siRNA mediated gene silencing.

14. Outline the various methods available for invitro testing of drugs

15. Transfer of antibiotic resistance genes is one of the issues raised in association with GM crop.What alternatives can be used to overcome this problem?

16. Describe the Principle of tissue engineering

Answer any three of the following

17. Describe the requirements for successfully conducting animal cell culture

18. what are the various gene transfer techniques used in plant cell culture

19. Describe somatic hybridisation and selection.

20.Therapeutic applications of cell culture technology

21. Describe the requirements for maintenance of cell lines. Explain the properties of cell in culture.

22. Explain in detail the classification, culture of stem cells. What are its important applications?

1. 
   What are the biomarkers of toxicity?
   
2. 
   How is the toxicity testing done and what are the test protocols?
   
3. 
   What do you mean by genetic toxicity testing and mutagenesis assay?
   
4. 
   What is fluctuation test?
   
5. 
   What is direct toxic action?
   
6. 
   Describe immunotoxicity.
   
7. 
   What are the biochemical markers of cardiac damage?
   
8. 
   What is teratogenesis?
   

1. 
   What are the factors affecting toxic responses?
   
2. 
   What are the measurements of dose- response mechanism?
   
3. 
   Describe briefly Ames test.
   
4. 
   What are host-mediated assay and dominant lethal tests?
   
5. 
   What do you mean by tissue specific toxicity?
   
6. 
   What are the responses during cellular toxicity?
   
7. 
   What are the pharmacological effects of toxicity?
   
8. 
   Describe what multi-organ toxicity is.
   

1. 
   Describe the biochemical mechanisms of toxicity.
   
2. 
   Describe the different types of metabolic changes occurring during toxicity and the various mechanisms of detoxifications.
   
3. 
   What are chemical carcinogens? How do they act in our body?
   
4. 
   Describe the interaction of toxic compounds with specific protein receptors.
   
5. 
   What is neurotoxicity? What are neurotoxic agents? Describe mechanism of action of nuerotoxicity with two examples?
   
6. 
   What are the biomarker criteria of toxicity and describe the new technologies used for the evaluation of toxicity interaction.