All of the above examples are considered matter because they have mass and take up space. Can you think of anything that would not be considered matter?
Mass vs. Weight
Atoms
smallest possible unit into which matter can be divided, while still maintaining its properties
over 100 different kinds of atoms exist (≈ 90 occur naturally and ≈ 25 made in labs)
cannot be seen by the naked eye or even an optical microscope
can combine, or bond, to create additional types of matter
always moving when above the temperature of absolute zero
it would take a stack of about 50,000 aluminum atoms to equal the thickness of a sheet of aluminum foil from your kitchen.
if you could enlarge a penny until it was as wide as the US, each of its atoms would be only about 3 cm in diameter – about the size of a ping-pong ball
a human hair is about 1 million carbon atoms wide.
a typical human cell contains roughly 1 trillion atoms.
a speck of dust might contain 3x1012 (3 trillion) atoms.
it would take you around 500 years to count the number of atoms in a grain of salt.
www.deckersfoods.com
C-C-C-C-C-… + 999,995 more
1 trillion atoms
.
Is made of approximately 3 trillion atoms
Just one of these grains
Let’s Experiment
Cut a strip of 11 in. paper in half.
Place one half on the table.
Cut the remaining piece in half.
Continue cutting and placing the strips on the table as many times as you can.
Make all cuts parallel to the first one.
In order to try to gain an idea of how small an atom really is, you will complete the following activity.
1st
cut
2nd
cut
3rd
cut
Results
How many cuts were you able to make?
Do you think you could keep cutting the paper forever? Why or why not?
You would have to cut the paper in half around thirty-one (31) times to get to the size of any atom.
exist at extremely cold temperatures (around absolute zero or -460 oF) which are achieved by scientists in labs
particles are super unexcited
particles lock or “clump” together so firmly that they move as a single unit
definite shape and volume (?)
Solid
particles are tightly compact
particles vibrate without the ability to move freely
definite shape and volume
Solid Animation
Liquid
particles are tightly compact, but able to move around close to each other
no definite shape, but definite volume
Liquid Animation
Gas
particles can easily spread out or move close together
particles move freely and with a lot of energy
no definite shape or volume
Gas Simulation
Plasma
exist at extremely high temperatures (several million degrees Celsius)
particles are broken apart
particles move freely and with extremely high energy
this form is not too common on Earth, however it is the most common form of matter in the universe
No definite shape or volume (?)
Examples: florescent and neon lights, lightning, aurora borealis
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-
-
Why do you think this is the most common form/state of matter in the universe?
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+
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Energy and the States of Matter
The physical states of matter result from the amount of energy the particles composing the matter have. Basically, more energy means more movement for the particles and less energy means less movement.
Energy/Temperature and Matter Simulations
PhET
BEC: Temperature and Absolute Zero
If you were to compare an ice cube and the steam created
from boiling water, which would you think has more energy?
States of Matter Continuum
Taken from: http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_becondensate.html
colored liquids so that the colors don’t mix and show distinct layers.
Hold the test-tube in your hand at a 45 degree angle.
Using the eyedropper from one of the colors, slowly place the
liquid into the test-tube.
Repeat step two using the other three liquids until you get them
layered. Record the order of the colors.
If you don’t get clear separation of the colors, you should empty the
contents of the test tube down the drain and start again. These steps
may need to be repeated several times until you discover the correct
order of the colors.
*Placing white paper behind the straws will help you
see the divisions
Layering Liquids - Discussion
Were you capable of layering the four liquids? If so, what was the correct order from the bottom up?
What difficulties did you experience when performing this activity?
Why do you think the liquids created layers when putting them in the test tube in the correct order?
Because these liquids are miscible, or partially miscible, they did not really create distinct layers. What do you think it means to be miscible?
Density
a measure of the amount of matter (mass) present in a given volume of a substance
typically expressed in the following units:
grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) for solids
grams per milliliter (g/ml) for liquids
does not depend on how much of a substance you have (intrinsic property) – in other words, the density of a gold bar would be the same as the density of a gold flake
can change as temperature and pressure change
Which do you think
is more dense? Why?
Calculating Density
Density can be calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume
D = m
V
Sample Problem
Timothy found a solid metal block
that has a mass of 100 grams and
a volume of 25 cm3. What would be
the density of the block?
D = =
100 grams
25 cm3
4 grams
cm3
Practice Problems
Find the density of a substance with a mass of 27 g and a volume of 7 cm3.
2. A block of maple has a mass of 20 grams and a volume of 26.5 cm3. What is the density of the block?
