Due to the greenhouse effect, changes in the earth’s
climate have taken place.
Language study
20.addition: a person or thing added (followed by to )
Examples:
The baby is a welcome addition to the Smith family.
The young professor will be a most valuable addition to our board.
21.conquer: take possession and controlled of (a country,
city, etc.) by force; defeat
Examples:
Afghanistan’s Northern Alliance conquered Kabul a
month ago.
She has conquered the hearts of many men.
The Spanish once conquered most of South America.
Language study
22.royal: of a king or queen, or other members of their
family, and things relating to them
Examples:
The new born baby was welcome not only by the
Japanese royal family but by the country at large.
The royal wedding drew large crowds from across the
country.
23.alternative: one of two or more possibilities (followed by
to)
Examples:
Check out the alternatives before deciding whether to go
to a nearby college.
What was the alternative to going home?
Language study
24.modify: change slightly
Examples:
The school authorities plan to modify the school
regulations.
The computer programmers tried to modify the design of
the software to make it suitable for commercial
production.
25.enrich:
(1) make rich or richer
Examples:
That once coastal village has been enriched by the profits from tourism.
The development of oil fields enriched many Arabian countries.
Language study
(2) improve
Examples:
It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting.
Travel enriches people’s lives.
26.classic: a work of art recognized as having lasting value
Examples:
Both Tom Jones and Wuthering Heights are classics.
His manual on botany has become a classic among scientists.
Language study
27.source: a place from which sth. comes or is obtained
Examples:
Tourism, which is a major source of income for the city,
has been serious affected by the terrorist attacks.
The source of the anthrax outbreak in the USA remained
a mystery.
28.fortunately: by good luck
Examples:
Fortunately, my friend survived the car accident.
Fortunately a life guard noticed that the woman was drowning and she was rescued.
I had forgotten my key, but fortunately the door wasn’t locked.
Language study
29.strictly speaking: if one uses words, applies rules, etc. in
their exact sense
Examples:
He’s not strictly speaking an artist; he is more of a
performer.
Strictly speaking she was not qualified for the job. But we employed her because of he honesty.
30.to a (very real, certain, etc.) extent: to the degree
specified
Examples:
I agree with him to some extent but there are still some
areas of sharp disagreement between us.
Language study
31.out of control: no longer able to be controlled
Examples:
The fire was out of control by the time the second fire
engine arrived.
There was nothing they could do about it. The situation
was out of control.
32. put into practice:
Examples:
Having delayed several times, we must put this plan into practice now.
They weren't’t allowed to put into practice in their daily lives the teachings they received.
Language study
33.strike out: start being independent; start doing want one
wants to do in life
Examples:
After working for his father for about ten years, he
decided to strike out on his own.
34.pass (sth.) on to (sb.): hand or give (sth.) to (sb.)
Examples:
When you have finished reading the novel, please pass it
on to Laura.
The King passed on much of his fortune to the princess.
Text Organization:
Parts
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
1
1-3
Massive borrowing from other languages is a major feature of the English language.
2
4 -16
Tells about the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English.
3
17-19
Tolerance, love of freedom, and respect for the rights of others—these qualities in the English-speaking people explain the richness of their language.
Text Organization: back
Paras
Content
4 - 9
The introduction of the Indo-European language---the parent language of English
10-11
Germanic tribes came to settle in Britain and brought Anglo-Saxon words---Old English
12
The Christian religion enriched English with words from Greek and Latin
13
The Vikings from Scandinavia came with words from Old Norse
14
The Norman Conquest--- French influence
15
The European Renaissance and the printing press brought many new words from Greek and Latin
16
The American revolution--- the emergence of a new variety--- American English
Text B
The Role of English in the 21st Century
Melvyn A. Hasman
Language study
1. status: (high) social position
Example: Women have very little status in many countries.
Translate the following passage into English, using the words and
phrases given below:
mystery descend enrich pass on to
tolerance independent source out of control
虽然英语是如何产生的还是个谜，语言学家倾向于认为它和许多
欧洲语言来自同一个源头，即印欧母语。英语最初是在公元五世纪
入侵英国的盎格鲁萨克逊人中间使用的。他们将英语的基本词汇传
给了我们。在十五个多世纪的发展中，英语大量借用了其他语言。
这种借用大大丰富了英语的词汇。随着移民来到美洲建立了独立的
美利坚合众国，英语又增添了一个新的变种：美语。虽然有人担忧
英语的发展失控了，但大多数以英语为母语的人对他们语言的宽容
性感到自豪。
Translation
Keys:
Though how the English language come into existence
remains a mystery, linguists/language scientists now tend to believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English. In its over 15 centuries of development, English has borrowed from other languages massively, and such borrowing has greatly enriched its vocabulary.
Translation
As settlers, landed in America and established the United
States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to
the English language: American English. Though some
people worry that the language is running out of control,
many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance
