sharecropping, 327
Shays’s Rebellion, 105
Sheridan, General Philip, 318
Sherman, General William Tecumseh, 318, 319
Sherman, Roger, 110, 113
Sherman Antitrust Act, 390
Shoshone people, 212, 213
Siberia, 2
silver mining, 230, 343–344
Sinclair, Upton, 395
Sitting Bull, 349
Sixth Amendment, 140, 421, 482
slave quilts, 268, 280, 281
slave rebellions, 278
slave trade, 20, 40, 45, 55, 112
slavery
and the abolitionists, 246–247, 450–452
addressed in state constitutions, 433
debated at Constitutional Convention, 111
debated during drafting of Declaration of Independence, 84
economics of, 256–257, 272–273
opposition to, 450–452
resistance to, 277–278
Thirteenth Amendment ending, 127, 324
in Virginia, 45
slaves
buying and selling, 270, 279
control by owners, 270, 276
fugitive, 278, 290, 292
in Mexicano communities, 237
introduction to America, 19–20
in the Revolutionary War, 90
rural vs. urban, 270
in the South, 274–282
smallpox, 19, 20, 21, 24
Smith, Captain John, 28–29
Smith, Jedediah, 204–205
Smith, Joseph, 222
Smith, Samuel Francis, 181
Social Darwinism, 389
Song of Hiawatha (Longfellow), 182
Sons of Liberty, 67, 71–72, 73
South
advantages/disadvantages in Civil War, 305
African Americans free in, 270
comparison of North and, 262–263
economy of, 111, 256–257, 272
geography of, 255
reconstruction and, 324–329
society of, 264
tensions between North and, 190
transportation in, 261
See also Civil War; Confederacy
South Carolina (colony), 38
opposition to ending slavery, 112
Southeast, Native American cultural region, 3, 4–5, 14
Southern colonies, 38, 44–46
See also colonies by name
Southern Democrats, 299, 328
Southwest
as America’s fruit basket, 234
Native American cultural region, 3, 4–5, 11, 426
Spanish-style architecture of, 236
water in, 11, 234, 444–445
See also Mexican Americans
sovereignty, popular, 120
Spain
ally of Continental Army, 94
and battleship Maine, 465–466
claim to Oregon, 204
Florida’s purchase from, 200
Latin American revolutions and, 171
New World conquests, 18–19, 20–23
in the Philippines, 404
role in slavery, 19–20, 24
Spalding, Henry and Eliza, 219
Spanish-American war, 402–403
Spanish borderlands, 22, 23–24
speech, freedom of, 136–137
spoils system, 189
St. Augustine (Florida), 23
St. Mary’s City (Maryland), 44
Stamp Act, 67
Standard Oil, 359, 385, 389, 390
Stanford, Leland, 341
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 248, 249, 250, 446
“Star-Spangled Banner,” 169, 175, 181
text of, 491
Starving Time, 29
state constitutions, 108, 329, 433
State Department, 124
state government, powers of, 128–129
states’ rights, 142, 156
in McCulloch v. Maryland, 179
in nullification crisis, 190
Statute for Religious Freedom (Jefferson), 435
steam engines, 260
steel, 356
Stephens, Uriah, 366
Steuben, Baron Friedrich von, 95
Stone, Lucy, 249
Story, Justice Joseph, 138
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 292–293, 450
Strauss, Levi, 462
Stuart, Gilbert, 180
Stuyvesant, Peter, 31, 32
suffrage, 396
for 18-year-olds, 127, 421, 488
for African Americans, 325, 328–329, 332, 421,
447
for women, 222, 248–250, 396, 434, 445–447
Sumner, Charles, 295–296
Supreme Court, 125
First Amendment and, 135
judicial nationalism and, 178–179
justices, 124, 125
school segregation and, 333, 422
on the slavery issue, 296–297
See also individual case names
T
Taino people, 18
Tallmadge Amendment, 286–287
Taney, Chief Justice Roger, 296, 297
Tarbell, Ida, 385, 390
tariffs, 178, 190, 401
Taylor, Zachary, 207
Tea Act, 70, 71
technology
industry and improvement of, 356–357
transformation of American economy, 419, 420
Tecumseh, 169, 170
Tejanos, 201, 202, 231
telephone, 357
tenement housing, 361, 375, 464–465
Tenochtitlán, 20
Tenth Amendment, 142, 483
Tenure of Office Act, 326, 327
Texas, 201–203, 206
Thanksgiving, first, 39
theocracy, in Massachusetts, 38
Third Amendment, 138, 482
Thirteenth Amendment, 127, 484
Thoreau, Henry David, 243
three-fifths compromise, 112
Ticonderonga, Fort, 81
Tilden, Samuel J., 331
Tillman, Ben, 331
Tippecanoe Creek, Battle of, 169
tobacco, 29, 38, 45, 55, 253, 255, 256
Tories, 63
See also Loyalists
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 175, 177, 182
on slavery, 183
Townshend Acts, 68–69, 70
trade
Latin America and, 171
in New World colonies, 37, 40, 42, 43, 46
trade unions, 366–367, 422
Trail of Tears, 193, 194, 439–440
transcendentalism, 243
transcontinental railroad, 340, 341–343
transportation
American System and, 178
in the North and South 259–261, 262
to the West, 220, 340–341, 441–442
trappers, 25, 217–218
Travis, William, 201, 202–203
Treasury Department, 146
Treaty of Ghent, 170
Treaty of Greenville, 439
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 208, 229
Treaty of Paris, 100, 104
Treaty with the Six Nations, 439
Treaty of Versailles, 413–414
Trenton (New Jersey), 92
trials, 139, 140, 141
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, 358, 360
fire, 353, 368
ILGWU strike and, 367
location and code violation, 362
and state investigations, 392
working conditions at, 365
Tripoli, 166–167
Trumbull, John, 97
trust, 359–360
Truth, Sojourner, 241, 246, 247
Tubman, Harriet, 278
Turner, Nat, 277, 278, 289, 290
Turner’s Rebellion, 278
Tuskegee Institute, 394, 460
Twain, Mark, 355
Twelfth Amendment, 158, 159, 483
Twenty-fourth Amendment, 421, 487
Twenty-sixth Amendment, 127, 421, 488
tyranny, 66
U
Uncle Sam, symbol of national unity, 177
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 292–293, 450
Underground Railroad, 278
Union, the, 286
See also Civil War
Union Pacific Railroad, 341–342
unions, 366–367, 422
United Farm Workers Union, 422
urbanization, 265, 361–362, 417
Utah, 222, 223, 444
V
Vallejo, General Mariano Guadalupe, 207
Valley Forge, 94–95, 432
Van Buren, Martin, 193
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 354
Vanderbilt, Mrs. William Kissam, 354
vaqueros, 231, 232
Venezuela, 171
Vesey, Denmark, rebellion of, 278
veto, 122
Vicksburg, Battle of, 316
Virginia (colony), 38, 45
adoption of Alien and Sedition acts, 156
House of Burgesses, 108
plan for state representation in the government, 109
ratification of Constitution, 134
Virginia Plan, 109
Virginia Resolutions, 156
visa, required for immigration, 382
voting rights. See suffrage
W
War Hawks, 169
War of 1812, 169–170, 197
Washington, Booker T., 394
Washington, D.C., 151, 156, 177, 180, 291
Washington, George, 64, 65, 73, 145
in American Revolution, 80, 81, 88, 91–95, 96
at Constitutional Convention, 106, 107, 113, 115
foreign policy under, 154, 163
as president, 134, 146–148, 161, 163, 166
water, conflicts over, 237, 444
Weaver, James B., 387
Webster, Daniel, 178, 185, 186, 291, 292
debate with John Calhoun, 453–454
Weld, Theodore, 247, 451
West
conservation in, 393
expansion into, 198–199, 203, 204–208
exploration of, 212–214
farming and ranching in, 216, 231–234, 387
immigrants in, 347, 459
Kansas-Nebraska Act and slavery in, 293–296
in literature, 182, 438–439, 459
mining in, 224–226, 230, 343–344
pioneers in, 219, 220–222, 442–443
trappers in, 217–218
water in, 11, 234, 237, 444–445
See also railroads; Native Americans
“What the Black Man Wants” (Douglass), 452
Whigs, 63
See also Patriots
Whiskey Rebellion, 147
White, John, 15, 27
White, Ryan, 422
Whitman, Marcus and Narcissa, 219–220
Whitney, Eli, 256, 258, 357
Wilder, Laura Ingalls, 443
William of Orange, 52
Williams, Roger, 40
Wilmot Proviso, 290
Wilson, James, 108, 110, 113
Wilson, Woodrow
engagement during World War I, 411–412
neutrality during World War I, 408
Treaty of Versailles and, 413–414
Winthrop, John, 39
Woman in the Nineteenth Century (Fuller), 447
women
in abolition movement, 246–247, 248
as Civil War supporters, 309
earnings in 2003, 418
education for, 57, 246, 249, 434
equal rights for, 248–250, 445–447
pioneers, 220–222, 442–443
property rights, 237, 248, 250
role in Iroquois society, 13
unions and, 367
voting and, 130, 222, 248–250, 396, 434, 445–447
women’s rights, 241, 248–250, 396, 434, 445–447
Woodward, Charlotte, 250
workers’ rights, 392
See also unions
working conditions
in industry, 364, 392, 448–449
for slaves, 264, 274, 276
World Anti-Slavery Convention, 248, 446, 447
World War I, 408–410
America enters, 411–412
armistice, 412
at sea, 410
trench warfare, 409
World Wide Web, 420
worship, freedom of, 135–136
Wright, Wilbur and Orville, 462–463
X
XYZ Affair, 164
Y
yellow fever, 406
yellow journalism, 402
Yorktown, Battle of, 96–97, 99
Yosemite National Park, 393
Young, Brigham, 222–223
Z
Zenger, John Peter, 136
Share with your friends: |