By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley hs chappaqua, ny

• ISLAM:
• Submission
• to the
• Will of Allah

• By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

• The
• Judeo-Christian
• Foundations
• of Islam

• IslamAn Abrahamic Religion

• Muslims are strict monotheists.
• They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah.
• Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God.

• Peoples of the Book

• Abraham’s Genealogy

• ABRAHAM

• SARAH

• HAGAR

• Isaac

• Esau

• Jacob

• 12 Tribes of Israel

• Ishmael

• 12 Arabian Tribes

• The Prophetic Tradition

• Adam

• Noah

• Abraham

• Moses

• Jesus

• Muhammad

• The Qur'an:
• God's Last
• Revelation

• The Origins of the Qur’an

• Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.
• 622  Hijrah  Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)
• Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.

• The Qur’an

• Muslims believe it contains the word of God.
• 114 suras (chapters).
• In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful.
• Written in Arabic.

• The
• Five Pillars
• of
• Islam

• 1. The Shahada

• 1

• The testimony.
• The declaration of faith:

• There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet].

• 2. The Salat

• 2

• The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed
• Wash before praying.
• Face Mecca and use a prayer rug.

• 2. The Salat

• 2

• The call to prayer by the muezzin in the minaret.
• Pray in the mosque on Friday.

• 3. The Zakat

• 3

• Almsgiving (charitable donations).
• Muslims believe that all things belong to God.
• Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.”
• About 2.5% of your income.

• 4. The Sawm

• 4

• Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan.
• Considered a method of self- purification.
• No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan.

• Eid Mubarak

• End of the Ramadan holiday.

• 5. The Hajj

• 5

• The pilgrimage to Mecca.
• Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime.
• 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year.

• 5. The Hajj

• 5

• Those who complete the pilgrimage can add the title hajji to their name.

• Other Islamic Religious Practices

• Up to four wives allowed at once.
• No alcohol or pork.
• No gambling.
• Sharia  body of Islamic law to regulate daily living.
• Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.

• The Spread of Islam

• Easy to learn and practice.
• No priesthood.
• Teaches equality.
• Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes.
• Easily “portable”  nomads & trade routes.
• Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

TEST ESSAY QUESTIONS

• Explain the way Islam began to fragment along two separate paths (sects). What were these paths, and how were their beliefs different?
• Explain how Islam was able to spread from Spain to India in a relatively short amount of time, dominating a wide range of territories and societies.
• What were the major reasons for the decline of both the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates? What role did the umma play in this?
• What was the status of Muslim women? Compare the status of women at the beginning of Islam to their status during the Abbasid Caliphate.