TESTING
1. Siswa yang dites biasanya merasa takut karena .... (2)
2. Sementara guru juga resah bila akan ada tes bagi siswa mereka karena .... (3)
3. Tetapi tidak satupun siswa maupun guru menolak tes karena ....
4. Tes memiliki 5 elemen pokok yaitu metoda, pengukuran, manusia, kemampuan atau pengetahuan, dan bidang tertentu. Dengan demikian definisi tes adalah ....
5. Masing-masing elemen tes tersebut mempunyai implikasi sbb. ....
6. Salah satu tujuan akhir memberi tes adalah:
a. memberi tanda berakhirnya KBM c. menjuruskan siswa
b. mengukur kepandaian siswa d. melengkapi tugas guru
7. Keputusan yang dibuat atas interpretasi hasil tes harus mengacu kepada:
a. pengalaman dan tujuan siswa mengikuti tes c. pengalaman dan kemampuan guru
b. pengalaman dan tujuan pengetes d. aturan tes yang berlaku
8. Tes (test procedure) sesungguhnya merupakan pengganti prosedur pengukuran yang lebih lengkap dan
komplek tetapi lebih akurat (criterion-procedure). Maksudnya ....
9. Siapakah yang dapat memanfaatkan hasil tes bahasa (stake holder)?
a. yang dites c. ahli linguistik e. pemerintah
b. yang mengajar d. lembaga pendidikan
10. Jenis tes berikut ini didasarkan atas materi tes:
a. achievement test b. diagnostic test c. placement test d. proficiency test
11. Jenis tes berikut ini didasarkan atas tujuan tes:
a. summative test b. diagnostic test c. placement test d. formative test
12. Materi tes berikut dapat digunakan untuk summative test:
a. achievement test b. diagnostic test c. formative test d. proficiency test
13. Materi tes berikut dapat digunakan untuk formative test:
a. achievement test b. diagnostic test c. summative test d. proficiency test
14. Beda summative test dengan formative test terletak pada:
a. materinya b. tujuannya c. bentuknya d. waktu penyelenggaraannya
15. Pembagian menjadi subjective test dan objective test didasarkan pada:
a. materinya b. tujuannya c. cara memeriksanya d. bentuknya
16. Manakah yang termasuk objective test?
a. multiple-choice b. completion c. essay d. true-false
17. Manakah yang termasuk subjective test?
a. multiple-choice b. completion c. essay d. true-false
18. Tes berikut didasarkan atas waktu yang tersedia untuk mengerjakannya.
a. power test b. summative test c. speed test d. formative test
19. Discrete point test, global test, dan integrative test adalah jenis tes berdasarkan:
a. bentuknya b. tujuannya c. keterkaitan antara elemen-elemennya d. cara menjawabnya
20. Communicative test menekankan pada:
a. language form b. language use c. language skills d. language components
21. Syarat tes yang baik meliputi:
a. reliability b. validity c. practicality d. feasibility
22. Maksud reliability adalah ....
23. Beda antara test reliability dan scorer reliability adalah ....
24. Untuk memperoleh reliability, ada 4 cara yaitu ....
25. Maksud validity adalah ....
26. Yang berkaitan erat dengan konsep bahasa dan belajar bahasa adalah:
a. face validity b. content validity c. construct validity d. washback validity
27. Yang berkaitan dengan pendapat awam tentang tes adalah:
a. face validity b. content validity c. construct validity d. washback validity
28. Yang berkaitan erat dengan hasil tes lain atau hasil tes di masa mendatang adalah:
a. face validity b. content validity c. construct validity d. washback validity
29. Practicality berurusan dengan ....
30. Perhatikan gambar papan sasaran lima panah berikut. Peringkatlah menurut reliability dan validity-nya.
What do you feel before, during and after doing the test?
Intimidated
Confused
Surprised
Afraid
Frustrated
Useless
Detached
Embarrased
Disappointment
Angry
Loss of confidence / demoralised / discouraged
Helpless
Anxious / pressurised
What may cause the feeling mentioned above?
Rubrics / instructions unclear or inadequate
Purpose of the test unclear
Time pressure
Unfamiliarity with the test type
Lack of preparation for the test: either in terms of practice beforehand or warning that it was to take place
Layout
Arcane or specialised nature of subject matter
Level too high
Lack of interest in topics
 
TESTING
WHAT?
A test is a method of measuring a person's ability or knowledge in a given area.
WHY?
1. to evaluate courses, methods, techniques, syllabuses,
and materials
2. to evaluate the effectiveness of a language teaching
3. to measure the students' progress in learning a language
4. to find out about the students' achievement
5. to encourage the students to learn further
6. to find out about learning difficulties
7. to place the students
8. to select the students
THE CURRICULUM TRIANGLE
Communicative Needs

Testing System
Language Programmes
REQUIREMENTS?
1. RELIABILITY
What?
The consistency of the measurement of the test
The accuracy with which an item of a test is measuring what it is measuring
What kinds?
1. Test reliability
2. Scorer reliability
How to obtain?
1. Administering parallel test to the same subject
2. Administering test-retest
3. More than one scorer or scoring
4. Using split-half method
2. VALIDITY
What?
The relevance between a test and what it should measure
The extent to which the test measures what it is intended to measure
What kinds?
1. Construct validity
2. Content validity
3. Face validity
4. Empirical validity (Criterion-related validity; Pragmatic validity)
a. Concurrent validity
b. Predictive validity
5. Washback validity
3. PRACTICALITY
What?
A test should be as economical as possible in terms of time (preparing, sitting, and marking) and of cost (materials and hidden cost of time spent).
KINDS OF TESTS
Kinds of Tests
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Remarks (Content, Purpose, Structure, Treatment)
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Achievement (Attainment)
Proficiency
Aptitude
Placement
Formative (Diagnostic)
Summative
Power
Speed
Direct
Indirect
Contextualised
Decontextualised
Global (Integrative)
Atomistic (Discrete)
Communicative
Subjective
Objective
Criterion referenced
Norm referenced
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The content is related to what has been learned
The content is not related to what has been learned
To identify those who are most likely to succeed in learning language
To place students at an appropriate level in a programme or course
To find the strengths and weaknesses of the students for future plan
To rank or grade the students or to decide their position
To find how much the students have actually mastered the language
To find the students’ speed in using the language
To ask the students to perform the skills being measured
To measure the underlying ability of the real life use of language
The tests are provided in context
The tests are provided without context
To measure one's ability to use combination of elements at one time
To test a specific language element, e.g. grammar, or vocab at one time
Focus on language use in real life situation
The tests require expert judgment in the scoring process
The tests do not require expert judgment in the scoring process
The student’s result is compared to an agreed standard or criterion
The student’s result is compared to the others’
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GUIDELINES FOR WRITING TESTS
A. General Guidelines (Validity, Reliability, Practicality)
You should be clear about what you want to test.
Tests must be purposeful, useful, and the result can be interpreted, and believed.
Achievement tests should relate to what has been taught.
Tests should be within the reach of the intended population (students).
Tests should have beneficial washback effects on the teaching and the syllabus.
Give the tests you have written to your colleagues to check.
Tests should be reliable and practicable.
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