The House of Representatives vote to break the tie.
After 35 votes, Hamilton who did not like Jefferson or Burr decided Jefferson would be best and threw his support for him and on the 36th vote Jefferson became President.
“we are all federalists we are all republicans”
Page 313
Louisiana Purchase
Created by Jim Deschenes
Bought from France for 15 million dollars.
Gave America control of the port of New Orleans.
1803
Doubled the size of the United States.
3 cents acre!
Page 319
Lewis and Clark
Created by Jim Deschenes
The main purpose of the expedition was to explore the lands of the Louisiana Purchase.
Sacagawea was their Native American guide.
1804-1806
Page 320
Chief Tecumseh
Created by Jim Deschenes
In 1809 he tried to unite Native Americans to stop expansion into their lands from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.
Page 328
President James Monroe
Created by Jim Deschenes
His presidency was known as the “Era of good feelings.”
The transportation revolution of the 1800’s included canals, steamboats, and railroads.
It provided great economic boost to the entire country.
Page 591
Ireland Potato Famine
Created by Jim Deschenes
Occurred in the 1840’s.
Over one million people died.
Another one million Irish immigrated to the United States.
Page 426
Free Blacks in the North
Created by Jim Deschenes
Frederick Douglas was a slave who escaped to the North.
He published the abolitionists newspaper the North Star.
In 1810 75% of blacks were free in the North, compared to 4% in the South.
Though there were free blacks in the North they still suffered from discrimination.
Frederick Douglass
Page 350-351
Horace Mann
Created by Jim Deschenes
Called for free public schools to promote a educated population.
Thought it would prevent social ills like crime and poverty.
1835
Page 435
Women’s Suffrage
Created by Jim Deschenes
Noted suffragists:
1. Lucretia Mott
2. Elizabeth Cady Staton
3. Susan B. Anthony.
They all worked for suffrage, the passage for the right for women to vote.
1
2
3
Page 443-444
Transcendentalism
Created by Jim Deschenes
Was a philosophy and literary movement that emphasized the unity of human beings with nature and the importance of self-reliance and individual conscience.
One year later 49’s arrived to make their fortune.
Of the 300,000 who came to the area only a few made money.
Those who sold materials, shovels, picks, pans made the most money.
Page 412
Pioneer Women
Created by Jim Deschenes
Pioneer women were given more freedom than their eastern counterparts.
Some slave women gained freedom in the west
.
In 1869 women were allowed to vote in Wisconsin.
Laura Ingalls Wilder wrote of pioneer life with her “Little House on the Prairie” series
Page 571
California Becomes a State in 1850
Created by Jim Deschenes
California’s petition for admission to the Union led to the Compromise of 1850.
California admitted as a free state.
Page 416
Compromise of 1850
Created by Jim Deschenes
A series of laws intended to settle the differences between free states and slave states.
The North gets Calif. as a free state and slavery is abolished in Washington D.C.
South gets promise congress would allow slavery in territories won in the Mexican war. Also they get the Fugitive Slave Act.
Page 461
Henry Clay
Created by Jim Deschenes
Known as the “Great Compromiser.”
Was involved with both the 1820 and 1850 compromises.
Instrumental in the Nullification Crisis.
American System
Page 369, 358, 460
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
Created by Jim Deschenes
Allowed slaveholders to recapture runaway slaves in the North.
This law backfires on the South.
This law brought it to the spotlight, now more Northerners become abolitionists.
Page 462
The Kansas-Nebraska Act 8.9.5
Created by Jim Deschenes
A law that established the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowed their citizens to decided if they wanted slavery, also known as popular sovereignty.
1854
Page 463
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Created by Jim Deschenes
The Supreme Court ruled that slaves were property and could be taken anywhere.
Dred Scott remained a slave until is owner died a few years later.
This court decision also stated that Congress could not ban slavery in the new territories.
1857
Page 467
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Created by Jim Deschenes
Were a series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, and Stephen Douglas for the Senate in Illinois. (1858)
The main issue for all of the debates was slavery.
Lincoln lost the Senate seat to Douglas.
Douglas
Page 467-469
John C. Calhoun and States Rights
Created by Jim Deschenes
A theory that says that states had the right to judge whether a federal law was unconstitutional.
John C. Calhoun argued on many occasions that’s states had the right to refuse to obey a federal law.
Page 262
Lincoln’s House Divided Speech
Created by Jim Deschenes
His speech was delivered June 16th 1858 as he was running for the Senate.
“A house divided against itself cannot stand." I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved — I do not expect the house to fall — but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other.”
Doctrine of Nullification
Created by Jim Deschenes
The right of the state to reject a federal it considered unconstitutional.
Calhoun argued that congress had no right to impose a tariff to one section of the country.
John C. Calhoun
Page 381
Daniel Webster
Created by Jim Deschenes
Northern Senator
Fought against the Doctrine of Nullification.
Felt it was the people not the states that made the Union.
Wanted to keep states from seceding from the Union.
Daniel Webster
Page
Page 459-461
Antebellum
Created by Jim Deschenes
This term refers to the time before the Civil War.
The North’s economy is based on manufacturing, businesses and factories.
The South’s economy was based on slavery.
Lincoln elected President 1860
Created by Jim Deschenes
Lincoln wins the election carrying all the Northern states, plus Oregon and California. (180 votes electoral college)
Breckenridge carries the southern states. (72 votes electoral college)
The United States was more recognized by foreign governments.
Page 483
South’s advantages: Civil War
Created by Jim Deschenes
Main advantage most of the battles were in the Southern states.
They just had to fight long enough to convince the North that it could not conquer the South.
1861-1865
Page 484
Fort Sumter
Created by Jim Deschenes
Lincoln wanted the South to fire the first shot of the war. So he tried to send supplies to the fort but they were turned back.
General Beauregard of the South asked the Fort to surrendered but the Union soldiers refused.
So on April 12th 1861 Confederate batteries opened fire on Fort Sumter.
Page 481
Emancipation Proclamation
Created by Jim Deschenes
Lincoln issues the Proclamation January 1st 1863.
It only free slaves in rebellion states and not in border states.
It is not until 1865 and the passage of the 13th amendment that all slaves are set free.
Page 504
Gettysburg Address
Created by Jim Deschenes
Lincoln’s speech was 267 words long.
Lincoln thought his speech bombed.
It was reprinted in many newspapers and has gone done in history as one of the best speeches ever given.
After Gettysburg the momentum of the war turned in favor of the North.
Lincoln is right here.
November 19th 1863
Page 513
54th Massachusetts Regiment 8.10.7
Created by Jim Deschenes
Approximately 200,000 free African Americans fought for the North.
The 54th gained glory in an attempt to take Fort Wagner in Charlestown South Carolina.
Page 506
Civil War Battles
Created by Jim Deschenes
Shiloh 23,000 deaths.
Antietam 26,000
Second Manassas 25,000
Chancellorsville 28,000.
A total of 640,000 deaths from both sides.
Civil War Technology
Created by Jim Deschenes
Cannons and bullets were improved.
More accurate rifles.
Ironclad warships that could withstand a cannon shot.
Page 492
Sherman’s March
Created by Jim Deschenes
William Tecumsheh Sherman cut a path of destruction through the state of Georgia.
He waged “total war.”
He destroyed everything that could help support or sustain the South’s war effort.
Page 516
Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
Created by Jim Deschenes
The war would end a month later and instead of punishing the South, Lincoln looked to forgive.
“With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.”
Speech given March 4th 1865
Page 525
The North Wins the Civil War
Created by Jim Deschenes
Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House.
The South was physically, economically and spiritually devastated.
Hatred between the North and South lasts for decades.
Southern aristocracy was stripped of its power and wealth.
Grant
Lee
Page 519
Reconstruction
Created by Jim Deschenes
Lasted from 1865 to 1877.
Rebuild the South
Give African Americans their freedoms.
There was a process that the United States used to re-admit Southern states back into the Union.
Charlestown, South Carolina. It took the South 40 years to recover.
Page 535
To be re-admitted to the Union
Created by Jim Deschenes
Southern men must take a loyalty oath.
Southern state governments constitutions must ban slavery.
States must provided free education to blacks.
Back into the Union
Radical Republicans
Created by Jim Deschenes
A group of congressmen who favored using the government to create a new order in the South.
Give African Americans full citizenship.
And, the right to vote.
Thaddeus Stevens
Page 534-536
Freedman’s Bureau
Created by Jim Deschenes
A federal agency set up to help former slaves after the Civil War.